Biotesting of wastewater: A comparative study using the <i>Salmonella</i> and CHO assay systems

Waters, Larry C.; Schenley, R.L.; Owen, B.A.; Walsh, Philip; Hsie, Abraham W.; Jolley, R.L.; Buchanan, Michelle V.; Condie, Lyman W.

doi:10.1002/em.2850140408

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Another study conducted on the wastewater treatment plant which processes, notably, hospital wastewaters showed that the process used was effective in removing the genotoxicity (Jolibois and Guerbet, 2005b). However, for other hospitals and other wastewater treatment plants, it is not obvious that the genotoxic contamination disappears after treatment in the wastewater treatment plant, and thus this contamination could be found in drinking water (Waters et al, 1989;Doerger et al, 1992;Filipic and Toman, 1996). Since hospitals are one of the sources of rejections of genotoxic compounds in wastewater, efforts must be undertaken by hospitals in order to integrate the 195 Hospital wastewater genotoxicity knowledge and the control of their wastewaters, and thus the environment management, in the infection and environmental control programs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Wastewater Genotoxicity

Jolibois

Guerbet²

2005

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Hospitals represent an incontestable release source of many chemicals compounds in their wastewaters, and which may have an impact on the environment and human health. Indeed, some of the substances found in wastewaters are genotoxic and are suspected to be a possible cause of the cancers observed in the last decades. To study the toxicity and the risk associated with these releases biological tests, such as genotoxicity tests, can be used. An evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the wastewaters from a university hospital was performed with the SOS chromotest and the Salmonella fluctuation test. The samples were taken for six 1-week periods between May 2001 and April 2003. Out of a total of 38 samples tested, 31 were positive in at least one assay (82%). Distribution, proportion and intensity of the genotoxic response were different among the six sampling periods. The two genotoxicity tests had different sensitivities. It must be emphasized that whatever the sampling period, Monday samples were always genotoxic in at least one assay. This work shows that this hospital wastewaters samples are very often genotoxic, the response intensity being inflected by rain levels. Efforts must be undertaken by hospitals to integrate the knowledge and the control of their wastewaters in infection and environmental control programs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Wastewater Genotoxicity

Jolibois

Guerbet²

2005

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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“…The observed S9 effect on sewage treatment effluents was very minor. While Hopke et al [1984] demonstrated that S9 can decrease the mutagenicity of municipal waste water sludge, Waters et al [1989], Meier et al [1987], and Brown and Donnelly [1988] reported an increase in mutagenicity in the presence of S9. Five of the 12 samples that elicited a greater response with S9 were obtained from pulp and paper mills.…”

Section: Industry Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the presence, potency, and potential hazard of genotoxins extracted from a broad range of industrial effluents

White

Rasmussen

Blaise

1996

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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We examined the genotoxicity of dichloromethane extracts from 50 final effluent samples collected from 42 industries, including pulp and paper, chemical manufacturing, metal refining, metal surface treatment, and municipal waste water treatment. Effluents were initially fractionated into dissolved substances, and substances adsorbed to suspended particulate matter. Acid/base partitioning was used to further fractionate aqueous extracts. Genotoxicity was measured using the SOS Chromotest. Genotoxicity of extracts was found to be related to sample type, industry type, metabolic activation status, and extract fluorescence (380 nm excitation, 430 nm emission). S9 metabolic activation reduced genotoxic potency in over 90% of the extracts examined. Expression of potency values per equivalent unit of original sample revealed that effluent particulate matter is, on average, almost four orders of magnitude more potent than aqueous filtrates. Suspended particulate matter from organic and inorganic chemical production, petroleum and metal refining, and from metal surface treatment facilities, provided extracts that were significantly more genotoxic than those from sewage treatment and pulp and paper facilities. Aqueous filtrates from inorganic and organic chemical production, metal refining, and surface treatment facilities were significantly more genotoxic than those emitted by aluminum and petroleum refineries. Overall, the results suggest that pulp and paper mills emit mostly soluble genotoxins, while petroleum and aluminum refineries emit predominantly particle‐associated genotoxins. Although some extracts elicited a strong SOS response, the potency of the extractable residues was low when compared to highly potent pure substances such as benzo(a)pyrene. On average, a mg of dichloromethane‐extractable residue has an SOS genotoxicity equivalent to 0.1–1.0 μg of benzo(a)‐pyrene. Predicted Ames mutagenic potency values corresponded reasonably well with industrial waste mutagenic potency values published by other researchers. Genotoxic loading values were calculated to quantify the total daily genotoxic emission and potential hazard of each industry. Highest loadings were from sewage treatment, pulp and paper, and metal refining facilities. Highest loading values were the SOS genotoxic equivalent of over 30 kg of benzo(a)pyrene per day. The ultimate hazard of genotoxic emissions is not known. Actual hazard assessment is complicated by a poor understanding of the postemission behavior of genotoxins. Exposure of downstream biota is likely substantial. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…There is a growing concern about the genotoxicity of complex environmental mixtures as waste waters, natural waters, and surface waters used for drinking water, due to the risk of genetic damage and cancer on aquatic organisms and humans (HOFFMANN 1982;FISKESJO 1985b;DONELLY et al 1987;WATERS et al 1989;FAWELL and HORTH 1990). Most studies on the subject are carried out with XAD-concentrated samples in the Ames test (STAHL 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Allium Test as a Tool in the Screening of the Genotoxicity of Complex Mixtures

2004

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A modified protocol for the Allium test with regard to the usually observed microscopic parameters is presented. In three different experiments, Allium root cells were exposed to methyl methanesulfonate (10 and 15 μg/1), nondiluted waste water from a slaughter‐house and from a dye‐house (the last one without any genotoxic effect). In the proposed scoring method only anaphase and early telophase cells are observed (100 cells per onion), and bridges, fragments, and vagrants are scored and pooled as chromosome aberrations. This method of scoring is compared with the one where metaphase, early anaphase, and normal anaphase cells are observed (100 per onion), and bridges, vagrants, fragments, c‐mitoses, and sticky chromosomes are scored and classified separately in these chromosome aberration categories. Using the X2‐test it is shown that the proposed modified method of scoring is more sensitive, having higher levels of significance than the more commonly used method. It is recommended to use the modified Allium test as an easy and sensitive screening method of complex mixtures for genotoxicity.

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Biotesting of wastewater: A comparative study using the Salmonella and CHO assay systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Hospital Wastewater Genotoxicity

Hospital Wastewater Genotoxicity

Comparing the presence, potency, and potential hazard of genotoxins extracted from a broad range of industrial effluents

A Modified Allium Test as a Tool in the Screening of the Genotoxicity of Complex Mixtures

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