Biotechnological trends and market impact on the recovery of rare earth elements from bauxite residue (red mud) – A review

Inclusão Do Residuo Do Processo Bayer Como Matéria Prima Reaproveitavel Em Diversas Aplicações

“…O tipo de bauxita influencia na composição do resíduo, as cársticas costumam ter a presença em quantidades elevadas de elementos de terras-raras, outros metais de valor agregado, enquanto as do tipo lateriticas, apresenta porcentagens maiores de óxido de alumínio e de ferro, em ambos os casos, a recuperação desses metais torna-se vantajosa, pois principalmente os elementos de terrasraras, conseguem recuperar o alto custo do processo de recuperação, o escândio por exemplo, detém de 65 a 93% do valor financeiro (PANDA et al, 2021;UJACZKI et al, 2018) O processo Bayer é o metodo principal para obtenção de alumina por meio do minério de bauxita, seja lateritca ou cársticas, incluindo hidroxido de sódio,usando cristalização de sementes de alumina e calcinação.Pelo uso de hidróxido de alumínio proveniente do processo Bayer, tornam a lama vermelha mais básica, apresentando faixa de pH 10 a 13 (KHAIRUL et al, 2019;NARAYANAN et al, 2018;RIVERA et al, 2018).…”

Red Mud as a Secondary Resource of Low-Grade Iron: A Global Perspective

“…REEs are generally recovered from RM using the hydrometallurgical route. Wang et al [98] recovered scandium from synthetic RM using solvent extraction with Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. Through selective leaching of a Greek RM with dilute HNO 3 , Ochsenkuhn-Petropulu et al [99] were able to recover up to 90% Y, ~70% heavy lanthanides (Yb, Dy, Er), ~50% middle lanthanides (Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) and 30% light lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr).…”

Contrasted microbial community colonization of a bauxite residue deposit marked by a complex geochemical context

“…gypsum and organic matter) that attenuate their harsh conditions prior to the revegetation of the area (Bray et al, 2018;Khaitan et al, 2010). BRDAs have also been considered as a promising secondary source of valuable and critical metals, as these elements are concentrated by a factor of 2 in bauxite residues compared to the initial bauxite ore (Panda et al, 2021;Ujaczki et al, 2017;Vind et al, 2018). Critical metals are chemical elements characterized by their high economic relevance and supply risk (European Commission, 2020) and include metals crucial for information and energy technologies such as Co, Mg, Ba, V, Ge, Nb, Sr, Ga, platinoids (PGMs), and rare earth elements (REEs: Lanthanides (Ln), Y, Sc).…”

“…Recently, microbial-driven approaches have gained attention as viable and costeffective methods for the management and valorization of urban and industrial wastes, including bauxite residue (Lyu et al, 2021;Panda et al, 2021;Santini et al, 2019).…”