Biotechnological Production of the Sunscreen Pigment Scytonemin in Cyanobacteria: Progress and Strategy

Gao, Xiang; Jing, Xin; Liu, Xufeng; Lindblad, Peter

doi:10.3390/md19030129

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…[ 13 , 14 ], and phenolic compounds, such as Nostoc commune [ 15 ]. In the field of photoprotection, cyanobacteria also stand out through the production of the well-known UVR-absorbing compounds mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin (SCY) [ 16 ]. Concerning the potential to inhibit collagenases, elastase, hyaluronidases, and tyrosinase, several examples are reported in the literature, such as mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G), isolated from the cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica [ 17 ], the cyclic depsipeptides tutuilamides A−C, from Schizothrix spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

et al. 2022

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The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

et al. 2022

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“…The accumulated ReScy in the periplasmic space may work as an antioxidant for both the periplasmic space and cytoplasm, which may help Rivularia survive under stressful conditions. Secretion sites of scytonemin have not been elucidated 28 , while those of extracellular polysaccharides, major components of extracellular sheaths 29 , have been reported to be junctional pore complexes surrounding the septal junctions at least in the motile phase of scytonemin-producing Nostoc punctiforme (Fig. 5) 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen redox status in a multicellular cyanobacterium visualized by Raman scattering spectral microscope

Tamamizu

Sakamoto

Kurashige

et al. 2022

Preprint

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UV radiation, desiccation, and starvation induce some cyanobacteria to produce a UVA-absorbing pigment, scytonemin, at extracellular sheaths. Although the accumulation of scytonemin is recognizable as dark sheaths through optical microscopes, it has been nontrivial to identify its redox status and obtain its subcellular distribution in response to physiological conditions. Here, we show that a spontaneous Raman scattering spectral microscopy based on an excitation-laser-line-scanning method unveil 3D subcellular distributions of non-UV-induced scytonemins with distinct redox statuses in a filamentous cyanobacterium with a single nitrogen-fixing cell at the basal end. Cellular differentiations and scytonemin redox conditions were simultaneously visualized with an excitation wavelength at 1064 nm that is virtually free from the optical screening by the dark sheaths. The molecular imaging results give insights into not only secretion mechanisms of the sunscreen pigment but also interdependence between photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and redox homeostasis in one of the simplest forms of multicellular organisms.

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“…3389/fmicb.2023.982422 Frontiers in Microbiology 14 frontiersin.org possibility of genomic editing through CRISPR could help us to understand the mechanisms involved in the resistance of these cyanobacteria or to develop higher tolerant strains. What is more, applying these genetic tools can lead to strain modifications for improved growth properties, and to the production of desired molecules, especially pigments like scytonemin, which has an important commercial value in cosmetics and medicine (Gao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Gloeobacteralesmentioning

confidence: 99%

First characterization of cultivable extremophile Chroococcidiopsis isolates from a solar panel

Baldanta

Arnal²,

Blanco-Rivero³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionMicroorganisms colonize a wide range of natural and artificial environments. Even though most of them are unculturable in laboratory conditions, some ecosystems are ideal niches for bioprospecting extremophiles with unique properties. Up today, there are few reports concerning microbial communities found on solar panels, a widespread, artificial, extreme habitat. Microorganisms found in this habitat belong to drought-, heat- and radiation-adapted genera, including fungi, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.MethodsHere we isolated and identified several cyanobacteria from a solar panel. Then, some strains isolated were characterizated for their resistance to desiccation, UV-C exposition, and their growth on a range of temperature, pH, NaCl concentration or diverse carbon and nitrogen sources. Finally, gene transfer to these isolates was evaluated using several SEVA plasmids with different replicons to assess their potential in biotechnological applications.Results and discussionThis study presents the first identification and characterization of cultivable extremophile cyanobacteria from a solar panel in Valencia, Spain. The isolates are members of the genera Chroococcidiopsis, Leptolyngbya, Myxacorys, and Oculatella all genera with species commonly isolated from deserts and arid regions. Four of the isolates were selected, all of them Chroococcidiopsis, and characterized. Our results showed that all Chroococcidiopsis isolates chosen were resistant up to a year of desiccation, viable after exposition to high doses of UV-C, and capable of being transformed. Our findings revealed that a solar panel is a useful ecological niche in searching for extremophilic cyanobacteria to further study the desiccation and UV-tolerance mechanisms. We conclude that these cyanobacteria can be modified and exploited as candidates for biotechnological purposes, including astrobiology applications.

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Biotechnological Production of the Sunscreen Pigment Scytonemin in Cyanobacteria: Progress and Strategy

Cited by 27 publications

References 122 publications

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

Sunscreen redox status in a multicellular cyanobacterium visualized by Raman scattering spectral microscope

First characterization of cultivable extremophile Chroococcidiopsis isolates from a solar panel

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