Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production

Abstract

Glucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti-nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human health. This has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health-promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS-producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.

Editing of an effector gene promoter sequence impacts plant‐Phytophthora interaction

“…Most effectors, vital for pathogenic fitness, are differentially expressed depending on their functional relevance in the host‐microbe interactions. For instance, xyloglucan‐specific endoglucanase (XEG1), a member of the glycoside hydrolase GH12 protein family, functions as a PAMP effector with peak expression in the early P. sojae infection stage (Ma et al ; Raaymakers and Van den Ackerveken ; Ma et al ; Petersen et al ; Wang et al ). Conversely, the necrosis and ethylene‐inducing peptide 1 (NLP1) family of proteins function as virulence factors that are highly induced during the transition from hemibiotrophy to necrotrophy upon infection (Dong et al ).…”

Shot-Gun Proteomic Analysis on Roots of Arabidopsis pldα1 Mutants Suggesting the Involvement of PLDα1 in Mitochondrial Protein Import, Vesicular Trafficking and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis

“…Arabidopsis mutants with reduced glucosinolate contents show severe auxin phenotypes [72]. Generally, glucosinolates are secondary messengers produced in Brassicaceae with important defense and developmental functions [70,73]. PLDα1 deficiency in mutants causes increased abundances of enzymes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, including four subunits of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase and methylthioalkylmalate synthase, all involved in the chain elongation machinery.…”

Shot-Gun Proteomic Analysis on Roots of Arabidopsis <em>pld&alpha;1</em> Mutants Suggesting New Roles of PLD&alpha;1 in Mitochondrial Protein Import, Vesicular Trafficking and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis

“…Arabidopsis mutants with reduced glucosinolate contents show severe auxin phenotypes [67]. Generally, glucosinolates are secondary messengers produced in Brassicaceae with important defense and developmental functions [65,68] (Table S1). PLDa1 induced an imbalance of indole glucosinolate o-methyltransferase 1 abundance, which is a glucosinolate modifying enzyme [66].…”