Biosynthetic Pathways of Pteridines and Their Association With Phenotypic Expression In Vitro in Normal and Neoplastic Pigment Cells From Goldfish

Morimoto, Masahiro; Matsumoto, Jiro; Akino, Miki

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1989.tb00264.x

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although less well characterized, 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase (PCD or pterin‐4a‐carbinolamine dehydratase) also appears to be expressed in pigment cells (21). Its level of expression was increased 3× in the metastatic melanoma cell line when compared with normal melanocytes (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Microarrays and Likelihood Ratio Bioinformatic Methods: Discovery of Human Melanocyte Biomarkers

Dooley

Curto²,

Davis³

et al. 2003

Pigment Cell Research

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In this article, some of the advantages and limitations of DNA microarray technologies for gene expression profiling are summarized. As a model experiment, DermArray DNA microarrays were utilized to identify potential biomarkers of cultured normal human melanocytes in two different experimental comparisons. In the first case, melanocyte RNA was compared with vastly dissimilar non-melanocytic RNA samples of normal skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In the second case, melanocyte RNA was compared with a primary cutaneous melanoma line (MS7) and a metastatic melanoma cell line (SKMel-28). The alternative approaches provide dramatically different lists of 'normal melanocyte' biomarkers. The most robust biomarkers were identified using principal component analysis bioinformatic methods related to likelihood ratios. Only three of 25 robust biomarkers in the melanocyte-proximal study (i.e. melanocytes vs. melanoma cells) were coincidentally identified in the melanocyte-distal study (i.e. melanocytes vs. non-melanocytic cells). Selected up-regulated biomarkers of melanocytes (i.e. TRP-1, melan-A/MART-1, silver/Pmel17, and nidogen-2) were validated by qRT-PCR. Some of the melanocytic biomarkers identified here may be useful in molecular diagnostics, as potential molecular targets for drug discovery, and for understanding the biochemistry of melanocytic cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Microarrays and Likelihood Ratio Bioinformatic Methods: Discovery of Human Melanocyte Biomarkers

Dooley

Curto²,

Davis³

et al. 2003

Pigment Cell Research

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“…Consequently, H 4 biopterin has to be synthesized autonomously in developing melanoblasts (19–21). In adult goldfish, melanophores express high levels of some H 4 biopterin synthesizing enzymes (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds are also produced in xanthophores and erythrophores where they are localized in granules named pterinosomes (30). The autonomy of xanthophores and erythrophores for pteridine synthesis is well established both in fish and in amphibian species (22, 31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pteridine Pathway in Zebrafish: Regulation and Specification during the Determination of Neural Crest Cell‐Fate

Ziegler

2003

Pigment Cell Research

119

122

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This review describes pteridine biosynthesis and its relation to the differentiation of neural crest derivatives in zebrafish. During the embryonic development of these fish, neural crest precursor cells segregate into neural elements, ectomesenchymal cells and pigment cells; the latter then diversifying into melanophores, iridophores and xanthophores. The differentiation of neural cells, melanophores, and xanthophores is coupled closely with the onset of pteridine synthesis which starts from GTP and is regulated through the control of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity. De novo pteridine synthesis in embryos of this species increases during the first 72-h postfertilization, producing H 4 biopterin, which serves as a cofactor for neurotransmitter synthesis in neural cells and for tyrosine production in melanophores. Thereafter, sepiapterin (6-lactoyl-7,8-dihydropterin) accumulates as yellow pigment in xanthophores, together with 7-oxobiopterin, isoxanthopterin and 2,4,7-trioxopteridine.Sepiapterin is the key intermediate in the formation of 7-oxopteridines, which depends on the availability of enzymes belonging to the xanthine oxidoreductase family. Expression of the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene (gch) is found in neural cells, in melanoblasts and in early xanthophores (xanthoblasts) of early zebrafish embryos but steeply declines in xanthophores by 42-h postfertilization. The mechanism(s) whereby sepiapterin branches off from the GTP-H 4 biopterin pathway is currently unknown and will require further study. The surge of interest in zebrafish as a model for vertebrate development and its amenability to genetic manipulation provide powerful tools for analysing the functional commitment of neural crest-derived cells and the regulation of pteridine synthesis in mammals.

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“…Split-fin tissues were prepared by methods described previously (Masada et al, 1990;Fujii et al, 1991). Excised tilapia caudal fins were rinsed with 70% ethanol and Ca…”

Section: Preparation Of Split-fin Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterisation of the chromatically antagonistic photosensitive mechanism of erythrophores in the tilapiaOreochromis niloticus

Chen

Xiao

Troje

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Non-visual photoreceptors with diverse photopigments allow organisms to adapt to changing light conditions. Whereas visual photoreceptors are involved in image formation, non-visual photoreceptors mainly undertake various non-image-forming tasks. They form specialised photosensory systems that measure the quality and quantity of light and enable appropriate behavioural and physiological responses. Chromatophores are dermal non-visual photoreceptors directly exposed to light and they not only receive ambient photic input but also respond to it. These specialised photosensitive pigment cells enable animals to adjust body coloration to fit environments, and play an important role in mate choice, camouflage and ultraviolet (UV) protection. However, the signalling pathway underlying chromatophore photoresponses and the physiological importance of chromatophore colour change remain under-investigated. Here, we characterised the intrinsic photosensitive system of red chromatophores (erythrophores) in tilapia. Like some nonvisual photoreceptors, tilapia erythrophores showed wavelengthdependent photoresponses in two spectral regions: aggregations of inner pigment granules under UV and short-wavelengths and dispersions under middle-and long-wavelengths. The action spectra curve suggested that two primary photopigments exert opposite effects on these lightdriven processes: SWS1 (short-wavelength sensitive 1) for aggregations and RH2b (rhodopsin-like) for dispersions. Both western blot and immunohistochemistry showed SWS1 expression in integumentary tissues and erythrophores. The membrane potential of erythrophores depolarised under UV illumination, suggesting that changes in membrane potential are required for photoresponses. These results suggest that SWS1 and RH2b play key roles in mediating intrinsic erythrophore photoresponses in different spectral ranges and this chromatically dependent antagonistic photosensitive mechanism may provide an advantage to detect subtle environmental photic change.

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Biosynthetic Pathways of Pteridines and Their Association With Phenotypic Expression In Vitro in Normal and Neoplastic Pigment Cells From Goldfish

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

DNA Microarrays and Likelihood Ratio Bioinformatic Methods: Discovery of Human Melanocyte Biomarkers

DNA Microarrays and Likelihood Ratio Bioinformatic Methods: Discovery of Human Melanocyte Biomarkers

The Pteridine Pathway in Zebrafish: Regulation and Specification during the Determination of Neural Crest Cell‐Fate

Functional characterisation of the chromatically antagonistic photosensitive mechanism of erythrophores in the tilapiaOreochromis niloticus

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