Biosynthetic Mechanisms of Secondary Metabolites Promoted by the Interaction Between Endophytes and Plant Hosts

Abstract

Endophytes is a kind of microorganism resource with great potential medicinal value. The interactions between endophytes and host not only promote the growth and development of each other but also drive the biosynthesis of many new medicinal active substances. In this review, we summarized recent reports related to the interactions between endophytes and hosts, mainly regarding the research progress of endophytes affecting the growth and development of host plants, physiological stress and the synthesis of new compounds. Then, we also discussed the positive effects of multiomics analysis on the interactions between endophytes and their hosts, as well as the application and development prospects of metabolites synthesized by symbiotic interactions. This review may provide a reference for the further development and utilization of endophytes and the study of their interactions with their hosts.

Actinomycins produced by endophyte Streptomyces sp. GLL‐9 from navel orange plant exhibit high antimicrobial effect against Xanthomonas citri susp. citri and Penicillium italicum

“…Additionally, the widespread use of these pesticides caused environmental pollution, and raised a lot of concerns regarding food safety and human health, 45,46 thus searching for new antimicrobials that are eco‐friendly and efficient is extremely important. Endophytic strains play significant roles in protecting host plants against the infection of pathogens by enhancing its immune system or directly inhibiting the growth of pathogens 17–19 . In the present study, the endophytes associated with the navel orange were investigated for their antimicrobial effects against the primary pathogens causing citrus canker and citrus blue mold diseases.…”

“…The host offers endophytes a comfortable living environment and vital nutrients, in exchange, endophytes can help the host plant in fixing atmospheric and land nitrogen sources, and aid it to overcome some biotic or abiotic pressures 18 . In particular, some endophytes can produce bioactive secondary metabolites to protect the host plant by directly inhibiting the growth of pathogens, or by boosting the plant immunity through the induction of defense‐related genes 19 . Because of the unique living habitat and the complex relationships with host plant, endophytes are capable of producing biologically and structurally interesting metabolites, which are important resources for the discovery of highly potent agrochemicals with novel mechanisms of action 20,21 …”

“…18 In particular, some endophytes can produce bioactive secondary metabolites to protect the host plant by directly inhibiting the growth of pathogens, or by boosting the plant immunity through the induction of defense-related genes. 19 Because of the unique living habitat and the complex relationships with host plant, endophytes are capable of producing biologically and structurally interesting metabolites, which are important resources for the discovery of highly potent agrochemicals with novel mechanisms of action. 20,21 Streptomycetes belonging to the family Streptomycetaceae, are Gram-positive bacteria, which have a widespread distribution in nature and are found in soils, waters, as well as in plants as endophytes.…”

Genome-Based Analysis of the Potential Bioactivity of the Terrestrial Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus Strain AC-40

“…Those bacteria also play an important role in the biocontrol process against plant pathogens by producing antimicrobial metabolites [ 34 ]. The interaction between the plant and its associated bacteria can also take a deeper connection where some endophytic bacteria can synthesize one or more of their host’s metabolites [ 35 ].…”

Inhibitory Activity of <italic>Pseudomonas putida</italic> and <italic>Bacillus licheniformis</italic> Supernatants on PMMoV in Chili Pepper

“…The identification of active components of P. There are surplus number has been reported to control bacterial and fungal diseases by microorganisms or their metabolites/volatiles (Garbeva and Weisskopf, 2020;Li et al, 2022), whilst snippets of information were reported on plant viruses with microbial volatiles. Bacillus species produce a wide structural variability of secondary metabolites that exhibit strong antibacterial and antifungal activities (Stein, 2005;Sansinenea and Ortiz, 2011).…”