Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using floral extract of Chrysanthemum indicum L.—potential for malaria vector control

Abstract

Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. The use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides synthesized of natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were green-synthesized using a floral extract of Chrysanthemum indicum screened for larvicidal and pupicidal activity against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by using UV-vis absorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The textures of the yielded Ag NPs were found to be spherical and polydispersed with a mean size in the range of 25-59 nm. Larvae and pupae were exposed to various concentrations of aqueous extract of C. indicum and synthesized Ag NPs for 24 h, and the maximum mortality was observed from the synthesized Ag NPs against the vector A. stephensi (LC50 = 5.07, 10.35, 14.19, 22.81, and 35.05 ppm; LC90 = 29.18, 47.15, 65.53, 87.96, and 115.05 ppm). These results suggest that the synthesized Ag NPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of A. stephensi. Additionally, this study provides the larvicidal and pupicidal properties of green-synthesized Ag NPs with the floral extract of C. indicum against vector mosquito species from the geographical location of India.

Plant-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Salvia officinalis: Characterization and its Antiplasmodial Activity

“…Findings from this present study concur with the sizes of other reported biosynthesized AgNPs from some medicinal plants in previous studies [33,36,54]. Furthermore, TEM results from this study confirmed that AgNPs were polydispersed with spherical shape [31]. SEM image (Fig.…”

“…Furthermore, these biomolecules also act as capping and stabilizing agents for the biosynthesized nanoparticles [28][29][30]. In the literature, several plant extracts have been employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and these examples include; Chrysanthemum indicum L. [31], Ceropegia thwaitesii [32], Datura stramonium [33], Cleome viscosa L. [34], Nepeta deflersiana [35] Berberis vulgaris [28], Myrtus communis [36] Kleinia grandiflora [37], Phyllanthus pinnatus [4].…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using water extract of Salvia leriifolia: Antibacterial studies and applications as catalysts in the electrochemical detection of nitrite

“…The synthesized silver nanoparticles by Justicia glauc a extract inhibit the growth of microorganisms that cause dental caries and periodontal disease such as Streptococcus mutans , S. aureus , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Micrococcus luteus , B. subtilis , E. coli , P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans . Arokiyaraj et al reported the synthesized AgNPs that was obtained using the floral extract of Chrysanthemum indicum exhibited higher fatality than the plant extract in larvicidal and pupicidal activity against the mosquito larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi . According to previous studies, the formation of free radicals by nanoparticles, membrane permeability to cause cellular leakage, interaction with protein, DNA, or enzymes to inactive microorganisms are the reasons of AgNPs ability to prevent cell growth and replication ability of the microorganisms.…”

Effect of Chloroxylon swietenia Dc bark extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi larvae

“…The toxic effect of Chrysanthemum indicum against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of An. stephensi at graded concentration (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ppm) LC 50 values of 78.22,110.63,181.85,298.79,and 339.11 ppm and LC 90 values of 417.30,531.31,675.76,973.54,and 996.50 ppm, respectively (Arokiyaraj et al 2015). The LC 50 and LC 90 values of Ch.…”