Biosynthesis of Thylakoids and the Membrane-Bound Enzyme Systems of Photosynthesis

Herrmann, Falko H.; Börner, Thomas; Hagemann, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-38255-3_5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Although the membrane content of this protein decreased during iron stress, radiolabel incorporation showed only a slight decrease. An increased turnover of this peptide during iron deficiency is consistent with suggestions that, in the absence of Chl biosynthesis, the Chlbinding apoproteins are rapidly degraded (9). A similar pattern was observed with two of the small PSI polypeptides at bands 74 and 89, while the biosynthesis of the peptide at band 75 was severely depressed upon iron stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A. nidutlans is largely photoautotrophic, and experiments such as greening studies in chloroplasts (9) are not possible. This is unfortunate, since the prokaryotic nature ofthis organism makes it ideal for use in studying thylakoid biogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent reports suggest a stepwise assembly process for thylakoids of chloroplasts (9). Ohad and colleagues (4) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Iron Deprivation on the Membrane Composition of Anacystis nidulans

Guikema¹,

Sherman²

1984

Plant Physiol.

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Cultures of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans were grown under iron-deficient conditions and then restored by the addition of iron. Membrane proteins from iron-deficient and iron-restored cells were analyzed by lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis.The incorporation of l3SIsulfate into membrane proteins and lactoperoxidase-catalyzed "5I iodination were used to monitor the rates of polypeptide biosynthesis and surface exposure of membrane proteins, respectively. These polypeptide profiles revealed major differences in the membrane composition of iron-deficient and normal cells. Iron deficiency caused a decrease in the amount of certain important membrane proteins, reflecting a decreased rate of biosynthesis of these peptides. Several photosystem II peptides also showed an increase in surface exposure after iron stress. In addition, iron deficiency led to the synthesis of proteins at 34 and 52 kilodaltons which were not present in normal cells. When iron was restored to a deficient culture, a metabolic sequence was initiated within the first 12 h after the addition of iron which led to phenotypically normal cells. Pulse labeling with I35Sjsulfate during this period demonstrated that iron addition initiates a coordinated pattern of synthesis that leads to the assembly of normal membranes.The thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria show changes in response to iron deprivation (8,(17)(18)(19) 686 nm. These changes in the biophysical parameters spurred an examination of the Chi-protein arrangement of iron-deficient thylakoids. We observed a loss of the large mol wt Chl-protein complexes normally associated with these membranes (5, 7). Furthermore, we suggested that, by monitoring membrane synthesis following the readdition of iron, we would be able to detect peptides responsible for the altered membrane structure.We have analyzed polypeptide patterns by gel electrophoresis to document the alterations in thylakoid protein composition caused by iron deficiency in A. nidulans. Certain peptides are accumulated in the membrane fraction upon iron stress, while others are lost. Membranes from iron-stressed cells show a different topology, as monitored by the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of surface-exposed tyrosines. In vivo incorporation of[35S]sulfate into protein was used as a monitor of peptide synthesis during both iron stress and the recovery from iron deficiency. Maximum changes in photosynthetic parameters occurred during the first 7 to 13 h following the addition of iron to a deficient culture. These changes lead to the addition of membrane proteins which are important for normal photosynthetic membrane structure. MATERIALS AND METHODSCells of A. nidulans R2 were obtained and grown in shaking culture as previously described (8). Optimal growth was obtained using BG-I I growth medium. Iron-deficient media was prepared by replacing ferric ammonium citrate with equal molar amounts of ammonium citrate in this medium. Glassware was rinsed thoroughly with glass-distilled H20 p...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Iron Deprivation on the Membrane Composition of Anacystis nidulans

Guikema¹,

Sherman²

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…3). DNA of the nucleus encodes protein for the LHCP complex (14,17). It appears that CAP impaired the translation of a protein encoded by chloroplast DNA and either stimulated the translation and/or insertion of nuclear encoded LHCP protein into thylakoid membranes or impaired the rate of LHCP complex turnover in wheat chloroplasts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloramphenicol Stimulation of Light Harvesting Chlorophyll Protein Complex Accumulation in a Chlorophyll b Deficient Wheat Mutant

Duysen¹,

Freeman²,

Williams³

et al. 1985

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRAC1As compared with normal wheat leaves, the chlorina wheat mutant, designated CD3, has a high chlorophyll a/b ratio and a deficiency in the light harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCP) complex. Applications of 200 micrograms per milliliter of D-threo-chloramphenicol to etiolated seedlings decreased the chlorophyll a/b ratio and increased the accumulation of the 27 kilodalton LHCP polypeptide and the LHCP complex in thylakoids of the mutant during greening. These data led to the suggestion that a protein encoded in chloroplast genes impaired either transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational events in CD3 wheat limiting the accumulation of the LHCP complex. The LHCP complex which accumulated in chloramphenicol treated wheat appeared functional even though chlorophyll protein complex accumulations were altered greatly in the wheat thylakoids. LHCP polypeptides were phosphorylated by action of a membrane protein kinase but yet photosystem II electron transport was impaired. The chloramphenicol treatment increased the photosystem 1/photosystem II ratio of electron transport and the fluorescence emission ratio at 740 to 686 nanometers relative to those of untreated wheat. Chloramphenicol prevented development of normal granal thylakoids in normal wheat chloroplasts but not in those of the CD3 mutant. Elongated stacked thylakoids were observed in normal wheat. Net-like membranes and vesicles were noted in the stroma of chloroplasts from treated mutant seedlings.

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“…Accordingly, the active membrane model should include sources and sinks, as well as mechanisms for accumulating charge (capacitor-containing circuit). In addition, due to membrane localization of the catalysis, which involves the use of functionally different enzymes in chloroplasts or in the whole cells of photosynthetic organisms [659][660][661][662][663], it is necessary to ensure that the design of the active surface simulating the membrane is compatible with the requirements for the implementation of the catalytic act corresponding to the same act of its living prototype (in the case of artificial photosynthesis it should be photocatalysis). Therefore, in the definitions of "active surfaces" and "active interfaces" we can choose precisely those descriptors and criteria that favor their functional activation in a form that supports the physiological and biophysical progress of photosynthesis (coupled membrane functions) and accompanying biocatalysis or biophotocatalysis (which, despite the differences in methods, is almost synonymous [664][665][666][667], although not all forms of biophotocatalysis / photobiocatalysis can occur in native biological systems and become the products of biological evolution).…”

Section: A Fundamental Role Of the Phase Boundaries / Interfaces In T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced Self-Organization in “Semiconductor World”: Part I. from Protophotosynthesis to Protomembranes

Gradov,

Gradova

2023

Preprint

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This work is the first part of a series of papers on a comprehensive analysis of the processes of prebiotic self-organization and protophotosynthesis on the surface of semiconductor minerals and in systems of natural dispersed semiconductors. Comprehensive analysis within the framework of the "semiconductor world" concept allows integrating a variety of models on a single physical basis - from ZnS world and FeS world (based on inorganic semiconductors) to the PAH world and aromatic world (including organic semiconductors). Thus, we do not put forward a new alternative hypothesis of chemical evolution - a new "chemical world", but only integrate the evolutionary and geochemical criteria of different "chemical worlds" into a single "physical world", which gives one the opportunity to reconstruct and predict the directions of chemical evolution according to the uniform principles of physical chemistry. In the first part of this series we consider photoinduced self-organization and "photo-controlled" evolution of the early protobiological systems performing solar energy conversion on the surface of dispersed semiconductor minerals capable of (photo)catalyzing and photosensitizing prebiological processes. The latter include a transition from the elementary cycles of photocatalytic reactions on the surface of semiconductors to protophotometabolic cycles and protophotosynthesis, from photophysical processes on the surface of mineral semiconductors to photoinduced membrane potentials, from photocontrolled sorption on the surface of such minerals to the formation of photosensitive protomembranes and selection of photosynthetic structures. The evolutionary approach to the analysis of protobiological mechanisms and protobioenergetics within the framework of the "semiconductor world" concept provides a new approach to the study of the last common point of divergence of protobiological systems, where the emergence principles of different energy supply schemes (like the energy source-specific photoautotrophy and substrate-specific chemoautotrophy) merge at the physicochemical level. The proposed integrating scheme is consistent with most biological, geological, and physicochemical concepts, which ensures its complete cross-checking and internal consistency.

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Biosynthesis of Thylakoids and the Membrane-Bound Enzyme Systems of Photosynthesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 158 publications

Influence of Iron Deprivation on the Membrane Composition of Anacystis nidulans

Influence of Iron Deprivation on the Membrane Composition of Anacystis nidulans

Chloramphenicol Stimulation of Light Harvesting Chlorophyll Protein Complex Accumulation in a Chlorophyll b Deficient Wheat Mutant

Photoinduced Self-Organization in “Semiconductor World”: Part I. from Protophotosynthesis to Protomembranes

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