Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Small Biomolecules in Plants

Nakai, Y.; Maruyama‐Nakashita, Akiko

doi:10.3390/ijms21103470

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…S is a constituent of amino acids, chloroplasts, sulfatides, vitamins, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups (iron–S clusters, lipoic acid, thiamine, coenzyme A, etc.) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Therefore, S plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration, and the formation of cell membrane structures in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants

Gao

Yang

2020

IJMS

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Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO42− from the soil and the transport of SO42− in plants. There are 12–16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants

Gao

Yang

2020

IJMS

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“…The first step in sulfate assimilation is catalyzed by ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), generating adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS). At this point, APS can be reduced by APS reductase (APR) and sulfite reductase to sulfide, which is incorporated into O-acetylserine (OAS) to form cysteine, or can be phosphorylated by APS kinase to 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) [1,2]. PAPS, can be utilized as a sulfate donor to synthesize a variety of sulfated metabolites such as GSLs, brassinosteroids, sulfoflavonoids, phytosulfokines and sulfojasmonates [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for living organisms, as main component of important proteinogenic amino acids methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), and of numerous coenzymes and prostethic groups such as iron-sulfur centers, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), glutathione and coenzyme-A, among others [ 1 , 2 ]. As such, S is directly involved in a wide variety of metabolic processes in plants, including photosynthesis or nitrate reduction and assimilation [ 2 ]. S is also a component of the thioglucosides glucosinolates (GSLs) in Brassicales and allyl Cys sulfoxides in Allium species, important secondary metabolites involved in defense responses [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis at organ and time scale reveals gene regulatory networks controlling the sulfate starvation response of Solanum lycopersicum

et al. 2020

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Background: Sulfur is a major component of biological molecules and thus an essential element for plants. Deficiency of sulfate, the main source of sulfur in soils, negatively influences plant growth and crop yield. The effect of sulfate deficiency on plants has been well characterized at the physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic levels in Arabidopsis thaliana and a limited number of crop plants. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying sulfate deficiency in most plants. In this work we analyzed the impact of sulfate starvation on the transcriptome of tomato plants to identify regulatory networks and key transcriptional regulators at a temporal and organ scale. Results: Sulfate starvation reduces the growth of roots and leaves which is accompanied by major changes in the organ transcriptome, with the response being temporally earlier in roots than leaves. Comparative analysis showed that a major part of the Arabidopsis and tomato transcriptomic response to sulfate starvation is conserved between these plants and allowed for the identification of processes specifically regulated in tomato at the transcript level, including the control of internal phosphate levels. Integrative gene network analysis uncovered key transcription factors controlling the temporal expression of genes involved in sulfate assimilation, as well as cell cycle, cell division and photosynthesis during sulfate starvation in tomato roots and leaves. Interestingly, one of these transcription factors presents a high identity with SULFUR LIMITATION1, a central component of the sulfate starvation response in Arabidopsis. Conclusions: Together, our results provide the first comprehensive catalog of sulfate-responsive genes in tomato, as well as novel regulatory targets for future functional analyses in tomato and other crops.

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“…Sulfide, together with O-acetylseryne (OAS), forms cysteine (Cys), a reaction catalyzed by two enzymes, serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) [17]. In these processes the sulfur atom is ultimately incorporated into Cys, the first organic molecule carrying reduced sulfur and a central hub of SDC biosynthesis in plants [18][19][20][21] (Figure 1). Because of the importance of sulfur-containing defense compounds (SDCs) for plants, sulfate assimilation and its transformation to SDCs is tightly regulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Versatile Roles of Sulfur-Containing Biomolecules in Plant Defense—A Road to Disease Resistance

Künstler

Gullner

Ádám

et al. 2020

Plants

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Sulfur (S) is an essential plant macronutrient and the pivotal role of sulfur compounds in plant disease resistance has become obvious in recent decades. This review attempts to recapitulate results on the various functions of sulfur-containing defense compounds (SDCs) in plant defense responses to pathogens. These compounds include sulfur containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, the tripeptide glutathione, thionins and defensins, glucosinolates and phytoalexins and, last but not least, reactive sulfur species and hydrogen sulfide. SDCs play versatile roles both in pathogen perception and initiating signal transduction pathways that are interconnected with various defense processes regulated by plant hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, ROS-mediated reversible oxidation of cysteine residues on plant proteins have profound effects on protein functions like signal transduction of plant defense responses during pathogen infections. Indeed, the multifaceted plant defense responses initiated by SDCs should provide novel tools for plant breeding to endow crops with efficient defense responses to invading pathogens.

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Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Small Biomolecules in Plants

Cited by 35 publications

References 83 publications

Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants

Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants

Transcriptomic analysis at organ and time scale reveals gene regulatory networks controlling the sulfate starvation response of Solanum lycopersicum

The Versatile Roles of Sulfur-Containing Biomolecules in Plant Defense—A Road to Disease Resistance

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