Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Extracellular Pigment from Talaromyces purpurogenus and Their Biomedical Applications

Abstract

In recent years, green syntheses have been researched comprehensively to develop inexpensive and eco-friendly approaches for the generation of nanoparticles. In this context, plant and microbial sources are being examined to discover potential reducing agents. This study aims to utilize an extracellular pigment produced by Talaromyces purpurogenus as a prospective reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron probe micro analyser (EPMA), and zeta potential. The pigment functional groups involved in the generation of AgNPs were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. TEM images showed that the generated nanoparticles were spherical, hexagonal, rod-shaped, and triangular-shaped with a particle size distribution from 4 to 41 nm and exhibited a surface plasmon resonance at around 410 nm. DLS and zeta potential studies revealed that the particles were polydispersed and stable (−24.8 mV). EPMA confirmed the presence of elemental silver in the samples. Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 and 4 μg/mL against E. coli and S. epidermidis, respectively. Further, cytotoxicity of the AgNPs was investigated against human cervical cancer (HeLa), human liver cancer (HepG2), and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines using 5-fluorouracil as a positive control. A significant activity was recorded against HepG2 cell line with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 11.1 μg/mL.

<p>Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Novel Cyanobacteria <em>Desertifilum</em> sp. extract: Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Effects</p>

“…4,33 Netala et al 67 reported that surface charge and small size enhanced diffusion and dispersion into the tumor matrix. Bhatnagar et al 68 showed that SNPs fabricated using extracellular pigment from Talaromyces purpurogenus have a significant cytotoxicity effect against liver cancer cell line. Abaza et al 69 showed that Cs/PVA/Ag nanocomposites caused in killing 50% of HepG2 cells at 43.7 µg/mL.…”

Plant-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Salvia officinalis: Characterization and its Antiplasmodial Activity

“…Among others, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario due to their unique physicochemical properties such as morphology structure, size distribution and surface charge, high catalytic property, high conductivity and thermal stability, and antibacterial effect [2]. In addition, their significant biomedical applications such as anticancer [3], antibacterial [4], mosquitocidal activity [5], antifungal [6], anti-inflammatory [7], anti-viral [8] have put them in the limelight in medicine.…”

“…Metallic nanomaterials can be synthesized via different approaches such as physical [20], chemical [1], and biological methods [3,21]. The biological mediated synthesis of silver nanomaterials is eco-friendly, non-toxic, simple and cost-effective as compared to the physical that required high energy and pressure and chemical method involves the use of toxic reagents that are toxic to human and constituent nuisance to the environment [22].…”

Extracellular Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles—Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains

“…[23][24][25] are the most appropriate for extracellular production of metal NPs [26][27][28][29][30]. Thus, biosynthesis-based approaches would be attractive options if AgNP synthesis could be performed extracellularly using the extracted biomolecules present in cell-free beef extracts [29,[31][32][33].…”