Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Octopus vulgaris: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase and an Elongation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid 4 Protein

Monroig, Óscar; Llanos, Rosa de; Varó, Inmaculada; Hontoria, Francisco; Tocher, Douglas R.; Puig, Sergi; Navarro, Juan Carlos

doi:10.3390/md15030082

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Research investigating the Fad and Elovl gene families that desaturate and elongate LC-PUFAs has largely been restricted to bilaterian taxa (Carmona-Antoñanzas et al, 2011;Castro et al, 2012;Fonseca-Madrigal et al, 2014;Kabeya et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017;Li et al, 2010;Mohd-Yusof et al, 2010;Monroig, Guinot, et al, 2012;Monroig, Webb, et al, 2011;Monroig et al, 2010Monroig et al, , 2016Monroig et al, , 2017Monroig et al, , 2013Morais et al, 2009;Surm et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole genome and single gene duplication events have played a major role in the distribution and copy number of Fad and Elovl genes (Carmona-Antoñanzas, Monroig, Dick, Davie, & Tocher, 2011;Castro et al, 2012;Fonseca-Madrigal et al, 2014;Kabeya et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017;Li et al, 2010;Mohd-Yusof, Monroig, Mohd-Adnan, Wan, & Tocher, 2010;Monroig, Guinot, Hontoria, Tocher, & Navarro, 2012;Monroig, Navarro, Dick, Alemany, & Tocher, 2012;Monroig, Tocher, & Navarro, 2013;Monroig, Webb, Ibarra-Castro, Holt, & Tocher, 2011;Monroig et al, 2010Monroig et al, , 2016Monroig et al, , 2017Morais, Monroig, Zheng, Leaver, & Tocher, 2009;Surm, Prentis, & Pavasovic, 2015). Gene duplication events in mammals have resulted in multiple gene copies encoding desaturase (Fads1, 2, and 3) enzymes, whereas in other vertebrates (such as Danio rerio), only a single desaturase, with Δ5 and Δ6 activity, is present (Hastings et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria

Surm

Toledo

Prentis

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The biosynthesis of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs, ≥ C20) is reliant on the action of desaturase and elongase enzymes, which are encoded by the fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) and elongation of very long‐chain fatty acid (Elovl) gene families, respectively. In Metazoa, research investigating the distribution and evolution of these gene families has been restricted largely to Bilateria. Here, we provide insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of the Fad and Elovl gene families in Cnidaria, the sister phylum to Bilateria. Four model cnidarian genomes and six actiniarian transcriptomes were interrogated. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of a candidate cnidarian species, Actinia tenebrosa, was performed to determine the baseline profile of this species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed lineage‐specific gene duplication in actiniarians for both the Fad and Elovl gene families. Two distinct cnidarian Fad clades clustered with functionally characterized Δ5 and Δ6 proteins from fungal and plant species, respectively. Alternatively, only a single cnidarian Elovl clade clustered with functionally characterized Elovl proteins (Elovl4), while two additional clades were identified, one actiniarian‐specific (Novel ElovlA) and the another cnidarian‐specific (Novel ElovlB). In actiniarians, selection analyses revealed pervasive purifying selection acting on both gene families. However, codons in the Elovl gene family show patterns of nucleotide variation consistent with the action of episodic diversifying selection following gene duplication events. Significantly, these codons may encode amino acid residues that are functionally important for Elovl proteins to target and elongate different precursor fatty acids. In A. tenebrosa, the fatty acid analysis revealed an absence of LC‐PUFAs > C20 molecules and implies that the Elovl enzymes are not actively contributing to the elongation of these LC‐PUFAs. Overall, this study has revealed that actiniarians possess Fad and Elovl genes required for the biosynthesis of some LC‐PUFAs, and that these genes appear to be distinct from bilaterians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria

Surm

Toledo

Prentis

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Finally, an Elovl4‐like elongase involved in the biosynthesis of very long‐chain (>C24) PUFA has also been cloned and functionally characterized (Monroig et al . ).…”

Section: Current Knowledge On Culturing Early Stagesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The molecular and functional characterization of key enzymes in fatty acid (FA) metabolism has been undertaken (Monroig et al . , , ). A stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (Scd) exhibiting ∆9 activity and a fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) exhibiting Δ5‐desaturase activity on both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acyl substrates have been isolated (Monroig et al .…”

Section: Current Knowledge On Culturing Early Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (Scd) exhibiting ∆9 activity and a fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) exhibiting Δ5‐desaturase activity on both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acyl substrates have been isolated (Monroig et al . , ). However, O. vulgaris seems to be unable to perform ∆6 or ∆8 desaturations, indicating that EPA and ARA must be indeed dietary essential FA for the species.…”

Section: Current Knowledge On Culturing Early Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early life stage bottlenecks of carnivorous molluscs under captivity: a challenge for their farming and contribution to seafood production

Uriarte

Astorga

Navarro

et al. 2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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This work brings together the view of different specialists in the areas of larviculture, physiology, ecology, nutrition and animal health, regarding how to deal with the aquaculture farming of species with complex life cycles in a multidisciplinary way, using as models the octopus and the muricid C. concholepas, with the aim of reducing the gap between the experimental and the industrial culture of species that are relevant for the diversification of aquaculture, particularly in Chile. Although these species are similar in their difficulty to reach the terminal planktonic phase prior to juvenile, they differ in the bottlenecks they have to overcome to reach it. Relevant aspects of study to achieve juvenile production from early life stages rearing, whether for repopulation or for ongrowing, are as follows: (i) Replacement or supplementation of live diets with inert diets to achieve significant survival values over the first stages of life. (ii) Physiological approaches to establish cultivation conditions evaluating the individual responses to several rearing conditions, specially the interaction between temperature, dissolved oxygen and acidity. Studies of urgent character due to the global warming scenario. (iii) Genomic studies associated with the effect of ontogenetic development, environment, health and nutrition on gene expression to understand, in an integrated way, the key processes for the development and growth of immature stages. (iv) Studies on the control of reproduction, the quality control of the ova, the genetic structure of reproductive populations and the characterization of diseases are also necessary to achieve efficient hatchery technologies.

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Cadmium transcriptionally regulates Scd1 expression in silver pomfret

Shi

Meng

Liao

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major contaminants in aquatic ecosystem. Stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) has been implicated in adaptive responses to environmental stressors. The objectives of this study are (a) to characterize scd1 mRNA from silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus); (b) to investigate the expression and activity of Scd1 in silver pomfret exposed to Cd; and (c) to investigate how Cd modifies scd1 gene transcription in silver pomfret. Results indicated that Scd1 was generally conserved across fish species and scd1 mRNA level was higher by far in the brain and liver, followed by the kidney and intestine. Exposure to Cd led to significant changes of the expression and activity of Scd1 in in the liver and intestine. The liver mRNA abundance of scd1 was significantly lower in the Cd-treated groups than in the control group. The 10 days treatment with 1 mg/L Cd significantly upregulated the intestinal scd1 mRNA level, an approximately 9-fold higher in the 1 mg/L Cd-treated group as compared with the control group. Accordingly, Scd1 activity indices (18:1n-9/18:0) in the liver were significantly decreased in the 0.5 mg/L group compared with the control group, while Scd1 activity indices in the intestine were significantly increased in the 1 mg/L group compared with the control group. Moreover, overexpression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebp1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ )in HEK 293T cells produced a 2-fold increment in the activity of the scd1 promoter. Furthermore, srebp1 had a similar expression pattern to scd1 in the liver and intestine of silver pomfret exposed to Cd. These results indicated that Cd could regulate scd1 expression, possibly through the transcriptional factor Srebp1. K E Y W O R D Scadmium, Scd1, silver pomfret, transcriptional regulation

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Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Octopus vulgaris: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase and an Elongation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid 4 Protein

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria

Insights into the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of Fad and Elovl gene families in Actiniaria

Early life stage bottlenecks of carnivorous molluscs under captivity: a challenge for their farming and contribution to seafood production

Cadmium transcriptionally regulates Scd1 expression in silver pomfret

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