Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoids and Related Compounds

Petersen, Maike; Hans, Joachim; Matern, Ulrich

doi:10.1002/9781444320503.ch4

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 274 publications

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“…When in vivo and in vitro plants, green and purple-leaf genotypes or the Dark Opal plantlets cultured in vitro at different BA concentrations in the basal medium are compared in terms of RA and anthocyanins content, it emerges a negative relation between the accumulation of these metabolites. A common substrate of RA and anthocyanins pathways is 4-coumaroyl-CoA [55] and a competition between their individual biosynthesis could be hypothesized, as also suggested by the higher RA content in green-vs. red-varieties of Perilla frutescens [56]. However, in cell suspensions of Dark Opal basil, Strazzer et al [31] found a positive correlation between the content of RA and anthocyanins.…”

Section: In Vitro Vs Hydroponic Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

et al. 2011

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The accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), in particular rosmarinic acid (RA), was investigated in different tissues (leaves, roots and plantlet shoots) of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown either in vitro or in hydroponic culture (floating system) under greenhouse conditions. Two cultivars with green leaves (Genovese and Superbo) and one with purple leaves (Dark Opal) were tested. The content of CADs in HCl-methanol extracts was determined by HPLC. LC-MS and LC-MS-MS were used to confirm the identification of the metabolites of interest. Apart from rosmarinic acid (RA) and a methylated form of this substance, no other CADs were detected at significant level in any of the analyzed samples. The content of RA ranged approximately from 4 to 63 mg/g DW, depending on the growing system. The highest RA content was found during the in vitro multiplication, in the acclimatized plants and in the roots of hydroponically-grown seedlings at full bloom. In vitro, 6-benzyladenine reduced the accumulation of RA in purple-leaf Dark Opal cultivar, but an opposite effect of this growth regulator was observed in the green-leaf genotypes. Our findings suggest the possibility to scale-up RA production by means of in vitro or hydroponic culture of sweet basil.

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Section: In Vitro Vs Hydroponic Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

et al. 2011

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“…The first committed step in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids is deamination of L-phenylalanine to transcinnamic acid catalysed by the enzyme PAL (Petersen, Strack & Matern 1999). We therefore measured PAL activity to elucidate if the altered phenylpropanoid levels were reflected by increased enzyme activity in plants grown under elevated CO 2 .…”

Section: Effect Of Elevated Co 2 On Pal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Matros¹,

Amme²,

Kettig³

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

151

106

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The effect of elevated CO 2 concentrations on the levels of secondary metabolites was investigated in tobacco plants grown under two nitrogen supply (5 and 8 m M NH 4 NO 3 ) and CO 2 conditions (350 and 1000 p.p.m.) each. High CO 2 resulted in a dramatic increase of phenylpropanoids in the leaves, including the major carbon-rich compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) and the coumarins scopolin and scopoletin at both nitrogen fertilizations. This was accompanied by increased PAL activity in leaves and roots, which was even higher at the lower nitrogen supply. Hardly any change was observed for the structural phenolic polymer lignin and the sesquiterpenoid capsidiol. In contrast, elevated CO 2 led to clearly decreased levels of the main nitrogen-rich constituent nicotine at the lower N-supply (5 m M NH 4 NO 3 ) but not when plants were grown at the higher N-supply (8 m M NH 4 NO 3 ). Inoculation experiments with potato virus Y (PVY) were used to evaluate possible ecological consequences of elevated CO 2 . The titre of viral coat-protein was markedly reduced in leaves under these conditions at both nitrogen levels. Since PR-gene expression and free salicylic acid (SA) levels remained unchanged at elevated CO 2 , we suggest that the accumulation of phenylpropanoids, for example, the major compound CGA and the coumarins scopolin and scopoletin may result in an earlier confinement of the virus at high CO 2 . Based on our results two final conclusions emerge. First, elevated CO 2 leads to a shift in secondary metabolite composition that is dependent on the availability of nitrogen. Second, changes in the pool of secondary metabolites have important consequences for plant-pathogen interactions as shown for PVY as a test organism.

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“…In the large array of plant natural products, compounds issuing from the phenylpropanoid pathway fulfill important functions, being involved in development and interaction of the plant with its environment (Petersen et al, 1999). For example, coumarins, isoflavonoids, and stilbenes are antimicrobial metabolites produced by plants while defending themselves against pathogen infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Repressed in Lignin Synthesis Affects Auxin Transport and Plant Growth

et al. 2007

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In Arabidopsis thaliana, silencing of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), a lignin biosynthetic gene, results in a strong reduction of plant growth. We show that, in HCT-silenced plants, lignin synthesis repression leads to the redirection of the metabolic flux into flavonoids through chalcone synthase activity. Several flavonol glycosides and acylated anthocyanin were shown to accumulate in higher amounts in silenced plants. By contrast, sinapoylmalate levels were barely affected, suggesting that the synthesis of that phenylpropanoid compound might be HCTindependent. The growth phenotype of HCT-silenced plants was shown to be controlled by light and to depend on chalcone synthase expression. Histochemical analysis of silenced stem tissues demonstrated altered tracheary elements. The level of plant growth reduction of HCT-deficient plants was correlated with the inhibition of auxin transport. Suppression of flavonoid accumulation by chalcone synthase repression in HCT-deficient plants restored normal auxin transport and wildtype plant growth. By contrast, the lignin structure of the plants simultaneously repressed for HCT and chalcone synthase remained as severely altered as in HCT-silenced plants, with a large predominance of nonmethoxylated H units. These data demonstrate that the reduced size phenotype of HCT-silenced plants is not due to the alteration of lignin synthesis but to flavonoid accumulation.

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Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoids and Related Compounds

Cited by 62 publications

References 274 publications

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Repressed in Lignin Synthesis Affects Auxin Transport and Plant Growth

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Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoids and Related Compounds

Cited by 62 publications

References 274 publications

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics

Growth at elevated CO2 concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y

Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Repressed in Lignin Synthesis Affects Auxin Transport and Plant Growth

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Growth at elevated CO₂ concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y