Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Current Metabolic Engineering Strategies, Challenges, and Prospects

Luo, Shiqi; Zhao, Juntao; Zheng, Yangyang; Chen, Tao; Wang, Zhiwen

doi:10.3390/fermentation9070594

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 87 publications

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“…Shen et al highlighted the challenges associated with the chemical synthesis of NMN and primarily discussed a biosynthetic route involving the intermediate PRPP and Nampt . Furthermore, Luo et al published a review in ref , summarizing two biosynthetic routes of NMN and introducing the latest research on promoting microbial NMN production through metabolic engineering strategies via various routes. The review also discussed enhancing NMN accumulation by optimizing key enzyme activity, increasing precursor and cofactor supply, and inhibiting byproduct synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Synthesis Method, Enzyme, and Biocatalytic System

Cheng,

Li,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has garnered substantial interest as a functional food product. Industrial NMN production relies on chemical methods, facing challenges in separation, purification, and regulatory complexities, leading to elevated prices. In contrast, NMN biosynthesis through fermentation or enzyme catalysis offers notable benefits like eco-friendliness, recyclability, and efficiency, positioning it as a primary avenue for future NMN synthesis. Enzymatic NMN synthesis encompasses the nicotinamide-initial route and nicotinamide ribose-initial routes. Key among these is nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK), pivotal in the latter route. The NRK-mediated biosynthesis is emerging as a prominent trend due to its streamlined route, simplicity, and precise specificity. The essential aspect is to obtain an engineered NRK that exhibits elevated activity and robust stability. This review comprehensively assesses diverse NMN synthesis methods, offering valuable insights into efficient, sustainable, and economical production routes. It spotlights the emerging NRK-mediated biosynthesis pathway and its significance. The establishment of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system plays a pivotal role in enhancing NMN synthesis efficiency through NRK-catalyzed routes. The review aims to be a reference for researchers developing green and sustainable NMN synthesis, as well as those optimizing NMN production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Synthesis Method, Enzyme, and Biocatalytic System

Cheng,

Li,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in the Context of Myocardiocyte Longevity

Marzoog

2024

CAS

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Cellular and subcellular metabolic activities are crucial processes involved in the regulation of intracellular homeostasis, including cellular and subcellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of intracellular regulation mechanisms is catastrophic and cumulates into cell death. To overcome the issue of dysregulation of intracellular regulation mechanisms, the preservation of subcellular and extracellular components is essential to maintain healthy cells with increased longevity. Several physiopathological changes occur during cell ageing, one of which is the dysregulation of intracellular physiology of the oxidative phosphorylation process. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) remains in the debut of anti-aging therapeutic effect. Aged myocardiocyte characterized by disrupted NMN and or its precursors or signaling pathways. Simultaneously, several other pathophysiological occur that collectively impair intracellular homeostasis. The NMN role in the antiaging effect remains unclear and several hypotheses have been introduced into describing the mechanism and the potential outcomes from NMN exogenous supply. Correction of the impaired intracellular homeostasis includes correction to the NMN metabolism. Additionally, autophagy correction, which is the key element in the regulation of intracellular intoxication, including oxidative stress, unfolding protein response, and other degradation of intracellular metabolites. Several signaling pathways are involved in the regulation mechanism of NMN effects on myocardiocyte health and further longevity. NMN protects myocardiocytes from ischemic injury by reducing anabolism and, increasing catabolism and further passing the myocardiocytes into dormant status. NMN applications include ischemic heart, disease, and failed heart, as well as dilated cardiomyopathies. Cytosolic and mitochondrial NADPH are independently functioning and regulating. Each of these plays a role in the determination of the longevity of the myocardiocytes. NMN has a cornerstone in the functionality of Sirtuins, which are an essential anti-senescent intrinsic molecule. The study aims to assess the role of NMN in the longevity and antisenescent of myocardiocytes.

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Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Current Metabolic Engineering Strategies, Challenges, and Prospects

Cited by 2 publications

References 87 publications

Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Synthesis Method, Enzyme, and Biocatalytic System

Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Synthesis Method, Enzyme, and Biocatalytic System

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in the Context of Myocardiocyte Longevity

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