Biosynthesis of myo-inositol in lycopods: characteristics of the pteridophytic l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase from the strobili of Lycopodium clavatum and Selaginella monospora

Basak, Anusuya; Jha, Timir Baran; Adhikari, Jukta

doi:10.1007/s11738-012-0924-z

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Over the past four decades there has been increased interest in drug discovery from this group of plants. A large number of extraction and microbiological testing studies have been conducted in several laboratories in India, Japan and elsewhere to test the antimicrobial activity of ferns indicating the presence of good amount of substances such as phenolic compounds, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids (Sen and Nandi, 1951; Banerjee and Sen, 1980; Guha et al ., 2004, 2005, 2006; Kumari, 2011; Basak et al ., 2012; Abraham et al ., 2015). Phytochemical analyses have been done on a large number of pteridophytes to explore presence of phenolic compounds (Bohm and Tryon, 1967; Patric et al ., 1995; Singh, 1999; Singh et al ., 2008a, b; Shinozaki et al ., 2008; Shin and Lee, 2010; Lee and Shin, 2011; Bessa Pereira et al ., 2012; Anto et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Pteridophytes As Herbal Medicine Across the Globementioning

confidence: 99%

Pteridophytes: evolutionary boon as medicinal plants

Goswami¹,

Sen

Mukhopadhyay

2016

Plant Genet. Resour.

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Selective use of crude plant extracts has been the oldest ritual in ancient Indian Medicinal System ‘Ayurveda’, as well as in Traditional Chinese Medicine system for thousands of years. This has been well documented that herbal medicines of Chinese, Indian, Korean and Native American people had included bryophytes, lichens, lycophytes and ferns. Since antiquity, most of the ferns and fern allies have given many health benefits to ancient civilizations who had used them for food, tea and drugs. Modern approaches have combined multidisciplinary technologies and have specific chemical compounds extracted and identified for producing very particulate medicines from plant parts. Plants, which yield appreciable quality and quantity of polysaccharides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and antibiotics are suitable for dragging out drugs for many ailments/diseases, including cancer treatments. Modern explorations on the functional activities of pteridophytes for human health by discovering specific compounds and their usage in medicines have widened the scope of pteridophytes by shaping these plants as a great boon for pharmaceutical companies and related industries. Even ‘fern weeds’, which invade our freshwater bodies and reduce the freshwater wealth of a lake, e.g. Azolla, Salvinia, Marsilea, Ceratopteris, etc. can be utilized to produce life saving drugs because they are reservoirs of very many organic compounds that are useful as medicines. Some of the fern genera have a few unique secondary metabolites, which have not been discovered in higher plants. Polyphenols are useful phytochemicals, which provide health benefits such as antioxidants. From experiments on screening of total polyphenol contents of 37 ferns and fern allies, Polystichum lepidocaulon and Polystichum polyblepharum were reported to have more than 13% of total polyphenols from dried materials of both fronds and rhizomes. In addition, fronds of Davallia mariesii and rhizomes of Cyrtomium fortune, Dicranopteris pedata, Athyrium niponicum and Dryopteris nipponensis showed more than 10% of total polyphenols from dried materials. High bioactivities of traditional medicinal ferns have been studied internationally to underscore their roles in medicine. These attempts have confirmed various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-HIV, etc. The occurrence of antibiotic activity in the extracts of more than 200 species of pteridophytes has been shown to be of prime significance within the period of 1975–2015. The active substances in many cases were found to be antibacterial to penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium phlei, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dryopteris cochleata was active against both bacteria and fungi. Five other species of Dryopteris showed remarkable antibacterial activity. The ferns of ‘Adiantum group’ have been found to be particularly active against Gram-positive bacteria. The polypodiaceous ferns constitute a rich group of which Microsorum alternifolium, Leptochillus decurrens, Polypodium irioides, Pyrrosia mannii and Phymatodes ebenipes deserve special mention. Several thelypteroid, davallioid and athyrioid ferns, in addition to antibiotic activity have also been found to show most useful bioactivity for our life – the antioxidant activity. The latter superb biochemical quality of ferns alone makes most ferns of great advantage to human health. Lycophytes particularly Lycopodium clavatum and Equisetum hyemale and ferns (Dryopteris and Adiantums) have had constituted the backbone of Homeopathic medicines and now many more genera have been added to the network of modern medicinal approaches in the drug industry. These pteridophytes are indispensably integral parts of forests world over. A few of the aquatic ferns (Azolla, Salvinia) serve as excellent bio-fertilizers and bioremediation agents. Medicinal plants are under cultivation and cultured world over. Botanically, say a thousand years ago, these were wild and many of them were weeds. As pteridophytes have survived since Paleozoic, they have undergone series of disruptive adaptive changes of environment than any other vascular plants. These plants most likely, could withstand the tests of geological time on account of their being guarded with genetic capability of possessing many useful oils, phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, varieties of amino acids and fatty acids, which in turn offer inherent tolerance and defense system . Additionally, from evolutionary point of view majority of ferns have constituted carpet flora and have worked as ‘cradles’ in natural forests so as to nurture small animals particularly reptiles and mammals. Ferns are denominators of prevalent rich biodiversity in almost every part of the earth. Comparison of evolutionary adaptations and natural innovations illuminate the genetic basis for the development of organisms. It is emphasized that there should be good field stations just in the peripheral region of reserved forests with large green houses to function as ‘Fernariums/ Mossariums/ and/or Lichenariums’ to conserve and maintain rare, endangered and medicinally superlative species found in those areas/forests. Gene networks (DNA stretches) that retain similar wiring diagrams (some or many similar DNA sequences) among related, distantly related or even totally diverse organisms point to the ways in which regulatory regions of the genome have evolved. Indisputably, comparative genomics can help us in deciphering evolvability of gene network and conservation modes during vast geological journey in evolution. We need exhaustive genomics and multidimensional molecular genetic studies on pteridophytes so as to discover unique DNA sequences, which could turn the gates of modern medicine.

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Section: Pteridophytes As Herbal Medicine Across the Globementioning

confidence: 99%

Pteridophytes: evolutionary boon as medicinal plants

Goswami¹,

Sen

Mukhopadhyay

2016

Plant Genet. Resour.

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“…Cytosolic MIPS has also been isolated and characterised from Perilla frutescens and A. thaliana, indicating its presence during normal seed growth (Chung et al, 1999;Jin et al, 2000;Baud et al, 2004). There are also a number of reports on MIPS from bryophyte and pteridophyte members (Chhetri et al, 2005(Chhetri et al, , 2006a(Chhetri et al, , 2006bBasak et al, 2013). Recent advances in structural and functional genomics and proteomics have made it easy to track the evolution of this essential enzyme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myo -inositol 1-phosphate synthase – the chosen path of evolution

Hazra¹,

Nandy²

2016

bta

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“…Few conflicting reports also exist, which have revealed lower temperature maxima for plastidial MIPS (Chettri et al, 2006b). A quick glance on the reports published earlier have clearly revealed a marked variation in the temperature maxima of MIPP obtained from different sources (Basak et al, 2012;Patra et al, 2007). In case of the experimental alga, both enzymes were found to be optimally active at pH 7.5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) carries out the irreversible conversion of D-Glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) to L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (I-1-P), which is subsequently dephosphorylated by inositol monophosphatase (MIPP) to free myo-inositol (MI) (eisenBerg, 1967).Together these two enzymes interact with each other in inositol biosynthesis metabolon. The MIPS and MIPP reactions have been reported from several pro-as well as eukaryotic sources covering a wide phylogenetic diversity (ei-senBerg, 1967;Maeda & eisenBerg, 1980;Loewus & Loewus, 1983;adhikari & MajuMder, 1983;guMBer et al, 1984;Lohia et al, 1999;Chen et al, 2000;MajuMder & Biswas 2006;Chhetri et al, 2006a, b;Patra et al, 2007;Banerjee et al, 2007;Basak et al, 2012). In this context, it is noteworthy to mention that although few studies on MIPS have been performed from various living systems inclusive of plants; however, studies concerning MIPP, specifically in plants, are surprisingly very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, it is noteworthy to mention that although few studies on MIPS have been performed from various living systems inclusive of plants; however, studies concerning MIPP, specifically in plants, are surprisingly very limited. Although the inositol biosynthetic pathway has been found to be operative in vascular cryptogams and flowering plants (Loewus & Loewus, 1983;guMBer et al, 1984;adhikari et al, 1987;Chhetri et al, 2006a, b;Banerjee et al, 2007;Basak et al, 2012), specific information regarding its functionality in non-vascular cryptogams is a neglected area of research. Taking these facts into consideration, attempts were made in the present investigation on purification and characterization of chloroplast localized MIPS and MIPP from a Chlorophycean marine macroalga Ulva lactuca Linn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosynthesis of Myo-Inositol in Chloroplasts of Salinity-Stressed Marine Macro Alga Ulva lactuca

Basu¹,

Basak

Mahanty³

et al. 2019

Botanica

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The present communication reports enhanced myo-inositol biosynthesis under natural conditions in Ulva lactuca Linn. based on the study conducted on its two prime enzymes [L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) and myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase (MIPP)] involved in myo-inositol biosynthesis. The two key enzymes obtained from chloroplastidial sources were partially purified to about 49- and 58-fold, respectively, over the homogenate following low speed centrifugation, high speed centrifugation, 0–80% ammonium sulphate precipitation and successive chromatography using ion exchange, gel filtration and molecular sieve packed columns. MIPS preparations specifically utilized D-glucose-6-phosphate and NAD as its exclusive substrate and coenzyme, while MIPP preparations used D/L-myo-inositol -1- phosphate as its principal substrate. Using non-linear regression kinetics method, the Km values of MIPS for G-6-P and NAD were calculated to be 2.6340 mM and 0.1271 mM, while the Km value of MIPP for D-MIP was recorded to be 0.02128 mM. Both enzymes were remarkably active within a temperature range of 20–40°C, and the optimum pH for both enzymes were found to be 7.5. Different cations and organic modifiers exhibited variable effects on the activity of both enzymes. The content of free myo-inositol was found to increase proportionately with the increase of surface salinity of the Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India.

show abstract

Biosynthesis of myo-inositol in lycopods: characteristics of the pteridophytic l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase from the strobili of Lycopodium clavatum and Selaginella monospora

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Pteridophytes: evolutionary boon as medicinal plants

Pteridophytes: evolutionary boon as medicinal plants

Myo -inositol 1-phosphate synthase – the chosen path of evolution

Biosynthesis of Myo-Inositol in Chloroplasts of Salinity-Stressed Marine Macro Alga Ulva lactuca

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