Biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide nodulation factors: Rhizobium NodA protein is involved in N-acylation of the chitooligosaccharide backbone.

Röhrig, Horst; Schmidt, Jürgen; Wieneke, Ursula; Kondorosi, Éva; Barlier, Isabelle; Schell, Jeff; John, Michael

doi:10.1073/pnas.91.8.3122

Cited by 93 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Then the deacetylase NodB removes the N-acetyl moiety from the nonreducing terminus of the N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides (132,253). Finally, an acyltransferase encoded by nodA links the acyl chain to the acetyl-free C-2 carbon of the nonreducing end of the oligosaccharide (51,226). Although not essential, NodI and NodJ seem to be involved in the export of Nod factors (34,74,254).…”

Section: Nod Enzymes and Nod Factor Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity

Perret

Staehelin

Broughton

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

877

630

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SUMMARY Eukaryotes often form symbioses with microorganisms. Among these, associations between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for the nitrogen input into various ecological niches. Plants of many different families have evolved the capacity to develop root or stem nodules with diverse genera of soil bacteria. Of these, symbioses between legumes and rhizobia (Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Rhizobium) are the most important from an agricultural perspective. Nitrogen-fixing nodules arise when symbiotic rhizobia penetrate their hosts in a strictly controlled and coordinated manner. Molecular codes are exchanged between the symbionts in the rhizosphere to select compatible rhizobia from pathogens. Entry into the plant is restricted to bacteria that have the “keys” to a succession of legume “doors”. Some symbionts intimately associate with many different partners (and are thus promiscuous), while others are more selective and have a narrow host range. For historical reasons, narrow host range has been more intensively investigated than promiscuity. In our view, this has given a false impression of specificity in legume-Rhizobium associations. Rather, we suggest that restricted host ranges are limited to specific niches and represent specialization of widespread and more ancestral promiscuous symbioses. Here we analyze the molecular mechanisms governing symbiotic promiscuity in rhizobia and show that it is controlled by a number of molecular keys.

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Section: Nod Enzymes and Nod Factor Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity

Perret

Staehelin

Broughton

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

877

630

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“…This observation is not due simply to a bias in the NF-extraction procedures that eliminated the nonacylated chitin oligosaccharides. A major nodulation gene, nodA, was present in all rhizobial strains studied so far and this gene specifies the transfer of an acyl moiety on the amino group of the terminal, nonreducing GlcNAc residue of the oligochitin backbone (Atkinson et al, 1994;Rö hrig et al, 1994;Debellé et al, 1996;Ritsema et al, 1996;Roche et al, 1996). When supplied exogenously to legume roots, unsubstituted chitin oligomers were unable to elicit plant responses such as root-hair deformations, cortical cell divisions, and the formation of a nodule primordium (Lerouge et al, 1990;Spaink et al, 1991;van Brussel et al, 1992;Relic et al, 1993).…”

Section: Requirement For the Presence Of An N-acyl Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodule-Inducing Activity of Synthetic Sinorhizobium meliloti Nodulation Factors and Related Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides on Alfalfa.Importance of the Acyl Chain Structure1

et al. 1999

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Sinorhizobium meliloti nodulation factors (NFs) elicit a number of symbiotic responses in alfalfa (؊7 M. The optimal chain length was C16, with the C16-LCO being more than 10-fold more active than the C12-and C18-LCOs. Unsaturations were important, and the diunsaturated 2E,9Z LCO was more active than the monounsaturated LCOs. We discuss different hypotheses for the role of the acyl chain in NF perception.

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“…Wild-type Rhizobium meliloti 1021, its Nod factor-overproducing derivative lOZl(pNID6) (Kondorosi et al, 19891, and the Tn5 mutant derivatives of 1021 (pNID6), ISV1502 (nodA::Tn5), and ISV1503 (nodC:Tn5) (Rohrig et al, 1994), were grown overnight at 28°C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm in a modified GTS medium (Kiss et al, 1979) containing 1 g of monosodium glutamate per L as nitrogen source.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipo-chitooligosaccharide Nodulation Signals from Rhizobium meliloti Induce Their Rapid Degradation by the Host Plant Alfalfa

et al. 1995

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(Caetano-Anollés and Gresshoff, 1991;Hirsch, 1992;Long and Staskawicz, 1993;Schultze et al., 1994a). Roots secrete specific flavonoids or isoflavonoids that induce the transcription of bacterial nod genes. Most of these nod genes are involved in the synthesis of Nod factors, a family of lipo-chitooligosaccharide signals that are /3-1,4-linked oligomers of GlcNAc with an N-linked fatty acid moiety replacing the N-acetyl group on the nonreducing end (Dénarié and Cullimore, 1993; Carlson et al., ' This work was supported by the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (France), by the Département des Sciences de Ia Vie of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ("poste-rouge"), by the European Economic Community (Human Capital and Mobility program CHRX-CT94-0656), and a Max-Planck research award.* Corresponding author; e-mail kondorosi8trefle.isv.cnrs-gif.fr; fax 33-1-69823695.

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Biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide nodulation factors: Rhizobium NodA protein is involved in N-acylation of the chitooligosaccharide backbone.

Cited by 93 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity

Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity

Nodule-Inducing Activity of Synthetic Sinorhizobium meliloti Nodulation Factors and Related Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides on Alfalfa.Importance of the Acyl Chain Structure1

Lipo-chitooligosaccharide Nodulation Signals from Rhizobium meliloti Induce Their Rapid Degradation by the Host Plant Alfalfa

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