“…Similar peaks at 3094 cm −1 , 1636 cm −1 , 1404 cm −1 , 1322 cm −1 , and 724 cm −1 were detected for AuNPs from leaf of SP. 46 Figure 3 FT-IR spectrum of both AuNPs ( A ) and CuNPs ( B ). …”
Introduction
Metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant has emerged as an eco-friendly, clean, and viable strategy alternative to chemical and physical approaches.
Methods
The fruit extract of
Salvadora persica
(SP) was utilized as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles.
Results
UV–Vis spectra of the AuNPs and CuNPs showed peaks at the wavelengths of 530 nm and 440 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that nanoparticles exhibited a mainly spherical form, with a distribution range of 100 to 113 nm in diameter for AuNPs and of 130 to 135 nm in diameter for CuNPs. While energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was able to confirm the existence of AuNPs and CuNPs. The alcoholic extract of the fruit SP was analyzed by GC-MS in order to identify whether or not it contained any active phytochemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the presence capping functional biomolecules of SP on the surface of nanoparticles that acts as stabilizers. Analysis of the zeta potential revealed that NPs with high degree of stability, as demonstrated by a strong negative potential value in the range of 25.2 to 28.7 mV. Results showed that both green AuNPs and CuNPs have potential antimicrobial activity against human pathogens such gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, with CuNPs having antimicrobial activity higher than AuNPs. In addition, AuNPs and CuNPs have promising antioxidant and anticancer properties when applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Studies of molecular docking of SP bioactive compounds were conducted against methenyl tetrahydrofolate synthetase. Among all of them, Beta – Sitosterol was the most prominent.
Conclusion
These AuNPs and CuNPs are particularly appealing in a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries due to their economical and environmentally friendly production.
“…Similar peaks at 3094 cm −1 , 1636 cm −1 , 1404 cm −1 , 1322 cm −1 , and 724 cm −1 were detected for AuNPs from leaf of SP. 46 Figure 3 FT-IR spectrum of both AuNPs ( A ) and CuNPs ( B ). …”
Introduction
Metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant has emerged as an eco-friendly, clean, and viable strategy alternative to chemical and physical approaches.
Methods
The fruit extract of
Salvadora persica
(SP) was utilized as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles.
Results
UV–Vis spectra of the AuNPs and CuNPs showed peaks at the wavelengths of 530 nm and 440 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that nanoparticles exhibited a mainly spherical form, with a distribution range of 100 to 113 nm in diameter for AuNPs and of 130 to 135 nm in diameter for CuNPs. While energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was able to confirm the existence of AuNPs and CuNPs. The alcoholic extract of the fruit SP was analyzed by GC-MS in order to identify whether or not it contained any active phytochemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the presence capping functional biomolecules of SP on the surface of nanoparticles that acts as stabilizers. Analysis of the zeta potential revealed that NPs with high degree of stability, as demonstrated by a strong negative potential value in the range of 25.2 to 28.7 mV. Results showed that both green AuNPs and CuNPs have potential antimicrobial activity against human pathogens such gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, with CuNPs having antimicrobial activity higher than AuNPs. In addition, AuNPs and CuNPs have promising antioxidant and anticancer properties when applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Studies of molecular docking of SP bioactive compounds were conducted against methenyl tetrahydrofolate synthetase. Among all of them, Beta – Sitosterol was the most prominent.
Conclusion
These AuNPs and CuNPs are particularly appealing in a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries due to their economical and environmentally friendly production.
“…Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles capped with cysteine (Cys-AuNPs) using leaf extract of Salvadora persica and using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, urease can be immobilized on these particles. This immobilized urease seems to have 10 cycles of reusability and 35 days of storability with 50% residual activity (Singh et al, 2021). Co-precipitation and coating phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid of magnetite nanoparticles through a carbodiimide reaction are also helpful in immobilization of urease.…”
Section: Sr No Urease Source Medical Application References Helicobac...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Calcium carbonate mineralization after ureolysis is effectively used to clean the water from heavy metals and radio-nuclides through solid phase capture (Anbu et al, 2016, Kumari et al, 2016, to remove calcium from wastewater of industries, citric acid production, severe scaling in reactors and pipelines, citric acid productions and bone processing, and paper recycling (Krajewska, 2018). This bio-processed CaCO 3 is also used in encapsulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and removal from contaminated oil (Singh et al, 2021). Fluorescent calcite synthesized from bacterial urease is used as a filler in plastics and rubbers, fluorescent particles in stationery ink (Gwenzi, 2019) and fluorescent marker in biochemical applications (Mostafa et al, 2021).…”
Section: Role In Geological Formation and Geotechnical Engineeringmentioning
Urease, a nickel-containing metalloenzyme is getting remarkable attention due to a diverse range of applications for mankind. Urease plays a magnificent role in various field like agriculture, analytical, geological phenomena, beverage industry and is an important diagnostic tool. Urease is mainly present in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates and its manifestation in specific genera may open new vistas for its taxonomic position. Various qualitative and quantitative assays are also reported for the estimation of urease enzyme. Urease based biosensors utilizing green synthesis on nanoparticles are also trending. Recently developed inhibitors against urease were discussed in the review. Inhibitory mechanisms involving the structural similarity of the substrate through modification or derivatization can also help in rational drug design by two possible competitive ways either by mimicking monodentate urea binding or binding as a tetrahedral intermediate. Immobilisation of urease through gel entrapment, using non-covalent and covalent protein tags, cross linkage, covalent bonding, using composite films, Teflon, co-precipitation and coating on nanoparticles is also reported. This review also comprised of various application of urease including enhancement of fertility in the soil, cell to cell organization, protection to predators, treatment of various bladder related diseases and infections, analysis of urea and heavy metal ions, biocementation, pollution control by bioleaching of heavy metals and making beverages urea and ethyl carbamate free. As researchers have a keen interest in urease enzyme at present, most of its aspects were incorporated in the article to make it helpful to the scientific community for further research related to the development of new inhibitors and add on applications of urease for the upliftment of the human as well as environment.
“…Medications can be placed onto nanometric carriers of the right size and surface properties, and they can then carry and deliver these drugs specifically and selectively to the target locations [6]. The small size of a nanoparticle drug delivery method aids passage via minute capillary arteries and avoids fast clearance by phagocytes, allowing for a longer circulation duration in the blood stream [7]. It has controlled release properties and can improve the efficacy of medications while also reducing hazardous side effects [8].…”
Cancer has become the root of problems in this era especially during this modern medicine time and because of that anticancer treatment had been developed to cure the patient suffering from this disease and for that an adoption of curcumin extract becomes a great deal of interest because of its anticancer properties. A recent study had been done aimed at determining the potential anticancer properties by chitosan in nanoparticle form. Furthermore, curcumin's weak water solubility enables it to accumulate in high concentrations, lowering its permeability to the cell. Curcumin is reduced via a variety of methods. With improving medicinal and research capabilities, nowadays the nano-pharmaceutics became an important field of science to develop an improve efficacy of different drugs specifically that target cancer diseases. In the present review, we focus on the plant extract of curcumin from Curcuma Longa plant and chitosan which derived from chitin in the exoskeletons of crustaceans which then be encapsulated into a nanocarrier formulation that can overcome this cancer. Thus, curcumin's potential preventative and therapeutic applications, as well as several forms of bio-nanocarriers that can be employed to effectively deliver curcumin to various target areas, will be reviewed.
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