Biosynthesis of Extracellular Polysaccharides by the Blue-Green Alga Anabaena Flos-Aquae

Moore, Brian G.; Tischer, R. G.

doi:10.1139/m65-117

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The few available data seem to support this hypothesis: indeed, at least for A. £os-aquae [59,66], some Phormidium strains [53] and C. capsulata [63], the capsular and the released polysaccharides showed the same monosaccharide composition; in the case of C. capsulata, the two polymers also showed quite similar molecular masses (our unpublished results). With regard to the morphological changes that may occur during polysaccharide release, it was observed that, in C. capsulata [63] and Cyanothece 16Som2 [48], the thickness of the capsule surrounding the cells remained almost constant throughout growth phases and under all the culture conditions tested, in spite of the large amounts of polysaccharide released into the culture medium.…”

Section: Exopolysaccharide Release and Factors A¡ecting Polymer Produmentioning

confidence: 74%

Exocellular polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their possible applications

Philippis¹

1998

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

328

216

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Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotes which include a large variety of species of widespread occurrence and with diverse morphological, physiological and biochemical properties. Many cyanobacteria are known to be able to synthesise outermost slimy investments and to release polysaccharidic material into the culture medium during cell growth. These released polysaccharides (RPSs), being easily recoverable from the culture medium, are attracting much interest in view of their possible uses in several industrial applications. In this paper, an overview of the current knowledge on both RPS-producing cyanobacterial strains (including the possible roles of the exopolysaccharides) and chemical characteristics of the cyanobacterial RPSs is given, with particular emphasis on RPS properties and possible industrial applications. On the whole, cyanobacterial RPSs are characterised by a great variety in both number (from two to 10) and type of constitutive monosaccharides (various arrangements of acidic and neutral sugars). Most polymers show an anionic nature due to the presence of uronic acids and/or other charged groups such as pyruvyl or sulfate. Polypeptide moieties as well as acetyl substituents have also sometimes been found, causing additional structural complexity. All the cyanobacterial RPSs so far tested showed a pseudoplastic behaviour, but with marked differences in both viscosity values and shear thinning. In terms of RPS production, the responses of cyanobacteria to changes of culture conditions appear strain-dependent. RPS productivities shown by some cyanobacteria are well comparable with those reported for other photosynthetic microorganisms proposed for polysaccharide production, but very low in comparison with those of heterotrophic microorganisms. Nevertheless, cyanobacteria may be regarded as a very abundant source of structurally diverse polysaccharides, some of which may possess unique properties for special applications, not fulfilled by the polymers currently available. However, much work has still to be done to bridge the wide gap existing between data on the biology of the RPS-producer strains and information concerning technological and other useful properties of the cyanobacterial RPS. z

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Section: Exopolysaccharide Release and Factors A¡ecting Polymer Produmentioning

confidence: 74%

Exocellular polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their possible applications

Philippis¹

1998

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

328

216

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“…Sulphated and 0-methyl sugars, common among eukaryotic extracellular polysaccharides (Percival, 1979;McCandles, 198 1 ;Painter, 1983), have yet to be reported (Sutherland, 1985). Chemical analyses of the slime layers of certain cyanobacteria have revealed an array of uronic acid and neutral sugar residues similar to those found in bacterial external layers (Hough et al, 1952;Bishop et al, 1954;Moore & Tischer, 1965;Dunn & Wolk, 1970;Kokyrsta & Chekoi, 1972;Sangar & Dugan, 1972;Wang & Tischer, 1973;Mehta & Vaidya, 1978;Painter, 1983). The more structurally resilient sheaths of Chlorogioeopsis PCC 69 12 (Schrader et al, 1982), Gfoeothece PCC 6501 (Jurgens & Weckesser, 1985) and Chroococcus minutus SAG B.41.79 (Adhikary et al, 1986) have been shown to contain 0-methyl sugars and a protein component, in addition to the typical sugar residues detected in previously studied external layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Comparative Composition of the Sheath of the Cyanobacterium Gloeothece ATCC 27152 Cultured with and without Combined Nitrogen

Tease¹,

Walker²

1987

Microbiology

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The extracellular sheath was isolated from cultures of a unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Glwothece ATCC 27 152. Chemical analysis of lyophilized cell-free preparations indicated that the sheath was composed of an acidic heteropolysaccharide containing the neutral sugars rhamnose, 2-O-methylxylose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and the uronic acids mannuronic, glucuronic and galacturonic acid. Protein, pyruvic acid and 0-acetyl and sulphate groups were also detected. Quantitative differences in the carbohydrate and protein content of the sheath were observed between material collected from cultures grown with and without a source of combined nitrogen. The extent to which the external layers bound cadmium ions was affected by these differences.

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“…The species are diverse with respect to the ecological niches they occupy. Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 is a planktonic freshwater organism isolated from the Mississippi and misinterpreted as Anabaena flos-aquae (Moore & Tischer, 1965;Thiel et al, 2014). For this lifestyle, the akinetes may require a lipid envelope layer to survive at the bottom of sediments.…”

Section: Intracellular Storage Compounds Of Akinetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clear differences in metabolic and morphological adaptations of akinetes of two Nostocales living in different habitats

et al. 2016

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2 FIBA-INBIOTEC, Vieytes 3103, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaAkinetes are resting spore-like cells formed by some heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacteria for surviving long periods of unfavourable conditions. We studied the development of akinetes in two model strains of cyanobacterial cell differentiation, the planktonic freshwater Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 and the terrestrial or symbiotic Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133, in response to low light and phosphate starvation. The best trigger of akinete differentiation of Anabaena variabilis was low light; that of N. punctiforme was phosphate starvation. Light and electron microscopy revealed that akinetes of both species differed from vegetative cells by their larger size, different cell morphology and large number of intracellular granules. Anabaena variabilis akinetes had a multilayer envelope; those of N. punctiforme had a simpler envelope. During akinete development of Anabaena variabilis, the amount of the storage compounds cyanophycin and glycogen increased transiently, whereas in N. punctiforme, cyanophycin and lipid droplets increased transiently. Photosynthesis and respiration decreased during akinete differentiation in both species, and remained at a low level in mature akinetes. The clear differences in the metabolic and morphological adaptations of akinetes of the two species could be related to their different lifestyles. The results pave the way for genetic and functional studies of akinete differentiation in these species.

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Biosynthesis of Extracellular Polysaccharides by the Blue-Green Alga Anabaena Flos-Aquae

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Exocellular polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their possible applications

Exocellular polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their possible applications

Comparative Composition of the Sheath of the Cyanobacterium Gloeothece ATCC 27152 Cultured with and without Combined Nitrogen

Clear differences in metabolic and morphological adaptations of akinetes of two Nostocales living in different habitats

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