Biosynthesis of Deuterated Benzylpenicillins I: Solvent Deuterium Oxide Participation

Kinetics of Synthesis of d4-Succinic Anhydride from Succinic Anhydride and d1-Acetic Acid

“…Growth of these organisms in deuterium oxide is severely hindered if carbon source substrates are not present. The use of these culture techniques employing deuterated and nondeuterated substrates has led to the biosynthesis of fully deuterated penicillin (4,5), deuterated griseofulvin (6-8), deuterated clavine alkaloids (9, lo), and, more recently, L-deuterophenylalanine (1 1). On the basis of these needs and in the course of preparation of a number of d4-succinyl derivatives of drug molecules for a later study, it was indeed advisable to find a high yielding, fast synthesis of d4-succinic anhydride'.…”