Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls a and b: The Last Steps

Rüdiger, Wolfhart

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4516-6_14

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2 and 3). Thus, as observed for the Chl/BChl synthases from plant and purple bacterial synthases (20,22), it seems likely that BchP preferentially acts after esterification of Chlide a and BChlide a with GG by ChlG and BchG, respectively. Biochemical experiments in vitro will be required to resolve these issues conclusively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…A small amount (typically Ͻ1%) of BChl c has esterifying alcohols other than farnesol (6). The esterification reaction occurs only after the (B)Chlide head group has been completely synthesized and has been shown to be the last or possibly the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of various (B)Chls (5,14,16,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only reaction in the biosynthesis of (B)Chls that may occur after the attachment of the alcohol moiety is the hydrogenation of geranylgeraniol (GG) to yield phytol or ⌬2,6-phytadienol (2,20). In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants, the geranylgeranyl reductase (ChlP) appears to be a multifunctional enzyme that can reduce the double bonds of geranylgeranyl-Chl a as well as geranylgeranyl diphosphate (16,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification of the bchP Gene, Encoding Geranylgeranyl Reductase in Chlorobaculum tepidum

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Chlorobaculum tepidum genome contains two paralogous genes, CT2256 and CT1232, whose products are members of the FixC dehydrogenase superfamily and have sequence similarity to geranylgeranyl reductases. Each gene was insertionally inactivated, and the resulting mutants were characterized. CT2256 encodes geranylgeranyl reductase (BchP); CT1232 is not involved in bacteriochlorophyll or chlorophyll biosynthesis.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of the bchP Gene, Encoding Geranylgeranyl Reductase in Chlorobaculum tepidum

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Analysis of the population growth cycles is aided by the detection of chlorophyll a P276 (chl-a P276 ), which has one additional double bond in the phytyl chain (i.e. didehydrophytyl) compared to chlorophyll a (Franklin et al, 2012) and is thought to be a precursor in chlorophyll a biosynthesis (Rüdiger, 2006;. Chl-a P276 has been detected previously during analysis of phytoplankton cultures (Franklin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of a chlorophyll a precursor and the oxidation product hydroxychlorophyll a during seasonal phytoplankton community progression in the Western English Channel

Steele

Tarran

Widdicombe

et al. 2015

Progress in Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Article history: Available online xxxx a b s t r a c tThis study presents the first in-situ measurements of the chlorophyll a oxidation product, hydroxychlorophyll a as well as the chlorophyll a precursor, chlorophyll a P276 conducted over an annual cycle. Chlorophyll a oxidation products, such as hydroxychlorophyll a may be associated with the decline of algal populations and can act as an initial step in the degradation of chlorophyll a into products which can be found in the geochemical record, important for studying past climate change events. Here, hydroxychlorophyll a and chlorophyll a P276 were measured at the long-term monitoring station L4, Western Channel Observatory (UK, www.westernchannelobservatory.org) over an annual cycle (2012). Weekly measurements of phytoplankton species composition and abundance enabled detailed analysis of possible sources of hydroxychlorophyll a. Dinoflagellates, 2 diatom species, the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis spp. and the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi were all associated with hydroxychlorophyll a occurrence. However, during alternate peaks in abundance of the diatoms, no association with hydroxychlorophyll a occurred, indicating that the oxidation of chlorophyll a was dependant not only on species but also on additional factors such as the mode of mortality, growth limiting factor (i.e. nutrient concentration) or phenotypic plasticity. Surface sediment samples contained 10 times more hydroxychlorophyll a (relative to chlorophyll a) than pelagic particulate samples, indicating that more chlorophyll a oxidation occurred during sedimentation or at the sediment-water interface, than in the pelagic environment. In addition, chlorophyll a P276 correlated with chl-a concentration, thus supporting its assignment as a chl-a precursor.

show abstract

“…36 Willstatter and Escher 37 discovered that chlorophyll was a mixture of two compounds which were designated as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a contains -CH 3 group and chlorophyll b contain -CHO group, respectively and after removal of phytol tail chlorophyll converts into chlorophyllin (Figure 1). 38 It was reported by Lim, 39 that the replace- ment of -CH 3 group (in chlorophyll a) with -CHO group (in chlorophyll b) at the position C-7 increases the polarity of the chlorophyll b; since chlorophyll b becomes more polar than chlorophyll a and appears on the shorter retention time. It was also reported that the retention time always decreases in the same order (pheophytin a > chlorophyll a > pheophytin b > chlorophyll b > chlorophyllide a > chlorophyllide b) and predominantly depends on the polarity of the mobile phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Fasciola gigantica Carrier Snail Indoplanorbis exustus in Visible Spectral Band

Chaturvedi¹,

Singh²,

Singh³

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Fasciolosis is one of the most debilitating diseases caused by liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Snail Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae is the intermediate host of these flukes. Snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematode. Aim of the present study is to explore the molluscicidal activity of chlorophyllin in visible spectral band against Fasciola gigantica carrier snail Indoplanorbis exustus. Methods: Chlorophyll was transformed into water-soluble chlorophyllin in 100% ethanol by using different types of chemicals. Ten snails Indoplanorbis exustus were placed in a glass aquarium containing 3 L of dechlorinated tap water. These snails were treated with different concentrations of chlorophyllin in sunlight as well as exposed to different visible spectral band of light. Results: Pure chlorophyllin (96 h LC 50 6.54 mg/l) in sunlight was more toxic than extracted chlorophyllin (96 h LC 50 939.65 mg/l). There was a significant variation in the toxicity of chlorophyllin with snails, exposed to visible spectral band of light. The highest and lowest toxicity of chlorophyllin against I. exustus was noted in yellow light (96 h LC 50 2016.79 mg/l) and green light (96 h LC 50 2433.16 mg/l). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study reveals that the active molluscicidal component extracted in spinach leaves is chlorophyllin. Conclusion: Due to the photodynamic nature of chlorophyllin, it has the potential to control the population of vector snails and ultimately fasciolosis in developing countries.

show abstract

Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls a and b: The Last Steps

Cited by 24 publications

References 88 publications

Identification of the bchP Gene, Encoding Geranylgeranyl Reductase in Chlorobaculum tepidum

Identification of the bchP Gene, Encoding Geranylgeranyl Reductase in Chlorobaculum tepidum

Abundance of a chlorophyll a precursor and the oxidation product hydroxychlorophyll a during seasonal phytoplankton community progression in the Western English Channel

Photodynamic Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Fasciola gigantica Carrier Snail Indoplanorbis exustus in Visible Spectral Band

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About