Biosynthesis of betalains: yellow and violet plant pigments

García-Carmona, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2013.01.003

Cited by 273 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Like the anthocyanins, betalain pigments occur in the seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, stems, and/or roots of plants from a wide range of natural environments (Gandía-Herrero and García-Carmona, 2013;Kugler et al, 2004;Strack et al, 2003;Svenson et al, 2008). The timing of betalain production varies across species; as with the anthocyanins, they may be present only in immature organs, only in senescing organs or else persist for the life of the organ (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Jain

Gould

2015

Environmental and Experimental Botany

100

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Jain

Gould

2015

Environmental and Experimental Botany

100

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“…cyclo-DOPA condenses with betalamic acid to form betanidin, which is glucosylated in the presence of betanidin-5-O-glucosyltransferase to betanin, a betacyanin. Betalamic acid conjugates with amino acids or amines to form betaxanthins such as indicaxanthin and dopaxanthin (Gandía-Herrero and García-Carmona, 2013). Advances in betalains research have been reviewed (Gandía-Herrero and García-Carmona, 2013;Khan and Giridhar 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betalamic acid conjugates with amino acids or amines to form betaxanthins such as indicaxanthin and dopaxanthin (Gandía-Herrero and García-Carmona, 2013). Advances in betalains research have been reviewed (Gandía-Herrero and García-Carmona, 2013;Khan and Giridhar 2015). However, some pertinent questions still remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betalains and expression of antioxidant enzymes during development andabiotic stress in Rivina humilis L. berries

Khan¹,

Kumar²,

Giridhar³

2016

Turk J Bot

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This work investigated the betalains profile and associated molecular changes during Rivina humilis L. berry development and 1 month after inducing stress through elicitors such as salicylic acid (SA, 0.05-0.5 mM) and chitosan (CH, 0.1%-1.0%). The results showed that, during berry development, diphenol oxidase activity of tyrosinase increased, which was reflected in an exponential increase in betalains accumulation. Expression levels of a putative Rivina humilis betanidin-5-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (RhBGT2) remained unchanged, while that of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased. Treatment with SA (0.1 mM) and CH (0.5%) enhanced betalains accumulation. The pattern of betalains accumulation during berry development and after elicitor treatment suggested that, probably, both betacyanins and betaxanthins are synthesized from the same pool of betalamic acid. There was no significant change in expression levels of RhBGT2, SOD, and CAT following elicitor stress. However, treatment with CH (1.0%) produced morphological changes (shrinking) in the berries and expression of SOD was significantly suppressed. This is the first report that shows enhancement of betalains accumulation in intact berries through elicitor treatment.

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“…Depending on plant species, these chemical compounds are also responsible for pigmentation of various plant organs, such as fruits, seeds, stems, and roots (Delgado-Vargas et al 2000;Gandia-Herrero and Garcia-Carmona 2013;Grotewold 2006a;Tanaka et al 2008). These pigments usually accumulate in certain defined tissues during plant development in a programmed manner, and can sometimes be induced in response to various biotic or abiotic environmental stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis and their application to flower color modification in Japanese gentians

Nakatsuka

Sasaki

Nishihara

2014

Plant Biotechnology

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Japanese cultivated gentians (Gentiana triflora, G. scabra and their hybrids), some of the most important ornamental flowers in Japan, have vivid blue flowers that accumulate polyacylated anthocyanins such as gentiodelphin. To breed attractive flower colors in Japanese gentians, our research group has been studying the molecular mechanisms that control flower pigmentation. Flavonoids, including anthocyanins, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are found in almost all plant organs. Along with longstanding genetic and molecular biological analyses of flavonoid biosynthesis, recent studies have revealed that transcription activators and repressors are involved in sophisticated control of temporal and spatial flavonoid accumulation in various plant organs. In this review, we summarize recent research on the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers, with a special focus on our findings using Japanese gentians. We also introduce and discuss the potential application of these transcription factor genes as novel tools to engineer flower color intensity and patterns in floricultural plants.

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Biosynthesis of betalains: yellow and violet plant pigments

Cited by 273 publications

References 100 publications

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

Betalains and expression of antioxidant enzymes during development andabiotic stress in Rivina humilis L. berries

Transcriptional regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis and their application to flower color modification in Japanese gentians

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