Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cellulose by Extended Cultivation with Multiple Removal of BC Pellicles

Abstract

Extended cultivation with multiple removal of BC pellicles is proposed herein as a new biosynthetic process for bacterial cellulose (BC). This method enhances the BC surface area by 5–11 times per unit volume of the growth medium, improving the economic efficiency of biosynthesis. The resultant BC gel-films were thin, transparent, and congruent. The degree of polymerization (DP) and elastic modulus (EM) depended on the number of BC pellicle removals, vessel shape, and volume. The quality of BC from removals II–III to VII was better than from removal I. The process scale-up of 1:40 by volume increased DP by 1.5 times and EM by 5 times. A fact was established that the symbiotic Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 was adaptable to exhausted growth medium: the medium was able to biosynthesize BC for 60 days, while glucose ran low at 24 days. On extended cultivation, DP and EM were found to decline by 39–64% and 57–65%, respectively. The BC gel-films obtained upon removals I–VI were successfully trialed in experimental tension-free hernioplasty.

Bacterial Nanocellulose Produced by Cost-Effective and Sustainable Methods and Its Applications: A Review

“…Traditionally, BC is generated through static culture methods, where cellulose is formed as a gelatinous pellicle at the interface between the air and liquid. However, once BC pellicles reach a certain thickness, production reduces due to nutrient depletion in the aerobic zone [77,102] and oxygen deficiency in the lower regions of the pellicle [103]. Prolonged fermentation under these conditions offers minimal contribution to BC production [104].…”

Production of Cellulose Materials from Oat Agricultural Wastes: A Review of Recent Approaches

“…BC has such perspective properties as high water-holding capacity, mechanical strength, elasticity, porosity, biocompatibility [169, [218][219][220]. Bacterial cellulose could find applications in the production of biodegradable packages [64,[221][222][223][224][225], regenerative medicine (biosensors, medical bandage etc.) [26,212,219,[225][226][227][228].…”

“…Bacterial cellulose could find applications in the production of biodegradable packages [64,[221][222][223][224][225], regenerative medicine (biosensors, medical bandage etc.) [26,212,219,[225][226][227][228]. Chemical modification of the hydroxyl groups of glucan units let one to prepare new materials [229][230][231].…”

Disposable Food Packaging and Serving Materials—Trends and Biodegradability

“…They therefore depend on both intracellular biosynthesis and extracellular self-assembling [ 87 ]. BC is identical in chemical composition to plant cellulose, but characterized by a higher crystallinity, degree of polymerization, purity, water-holding capacity, but also high mechanical strength, elasticity, and shapeability, and gas and liquid permeability [ 83 , 90 ]. It is worth noting that BC was approved by the FDA (the United States Food and Drug Administration) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and can be used as a safe food product or food component [ 91 ].…”