Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Function of Auxin, Salicylic Acid and Melatonin in Climacteric and Non-climacteric Fruits

Pérez-Llorca, Marina; Muñoz, Paula; Müller, Maren; Munné‐Bosch, Sergi

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00136

Cited by 102 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Similarly, Sarrou et al 57 also observed that melatonin treated lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) reported an increase in several compounds, in particular nerol, a result similar to our study. Although the role of melatonin in the biosynthesis of essential oil in medicinal plants has not been well understood, one of the mechanisms proposed is related to the similarity in plant function and chemical structure between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and melatonin 20,24,28 , which are both derived from chorismate 28 . It has been reported that IAA promotes essential oil synthesis in several medicinal plants 58,59 , and given that melatonin has an auxin-like (IAA) activity, it would be expected that melatonin also promotes the synthesis of essential oils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its ability to protection against abiotic and biotic stresses, in particular low temperature 22 , drought 23,24 , UV-B 25 and heavy metal pollution 26 has also been documented. Many investigations have indicated that melatonin could be considered a plant growth regulator, with a mode of action that works in conjunction with other chorismate-derived phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 27 and salicylic acid 28 . Melatonin has a pivotal role in the activation of the antioxidant system and induces changes in gene expression of several physiological mechanisms 21,29 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exogenous melatonin improves glutathione content, redox state and increases essential oil production in two Salvia species under drought stress

Bidabadi

VanderWeide

Sabbatini

2020

Sci Rep

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This research was conducted to understand the influence of foliar applied melatonin (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM) on two Salvia species (Salvia nemorosa L., and Salvia reuterana Boiss) under conditions of water stress. Water stress was applied using a reduced irrigation strategy based on re-watering at 80%, 60% and 40% of the field capacity (FC). Increasing water stress, while significantly enhancing malondialdehyde (MDA), H 2 o 2 , electrolyte leakage, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and total glutathione (GT), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, which led to a marked reduction in fluorescence (Fv/Fm). foliar application of melatonin alleviated the oxidative stress by increasing GT, CAT, POD, SOD and GR activities and reducing GSSG. In particular, melatonin heightened GSH content as well as the ratio of GSH/GSSG when compared to non-sprayed water stressed plants. Melatonin-treated plants had significantly lower SOD and POD activities than control plants under drought stress, while the CAT activity was enhanced with the foliar treatment. Essential oil yield of both Salvia species increased with the decrease in irrigation from 80% to 60% FC but diminished with the more severe water deficit (40% FC). Essential oil components of Salvia nemorosa were βcaryophyllene, germacrene-B, spathulenol, and cis-βfarnesene, while (E)-βocimene, αgurjnnene, germacrene-D, hexyl acetate and aromadendrene was the major constituents of Salvia reuterana. When plants were subjected to water deficit, melatonin treatment increased the concentration and composition of the essential oil. In particular, melatonin treatments improved the primary oil components in both species when compared to non-melatonin treated plants. In conclusion, reduced irrigation regimes as well as melatonin treatments resulted in a significant improvement of essential oil production and composition in both Salvia species. Plants growing in arid and semi-arid regions often experience conditions of reduced precipitation and erratic rainfall patterns. Water stress reduces chlorophyll content and consequently, photosynthetic performance 1-3. Severe water limitations can cause an imbalance between cellular redox components, where antioxidant defences do not counteract the greater production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This induces a series of oxidative damages, leading to impaired growth and development 4,5 and a reduction in plant fresh and dry weight 6. Additionally, high ROS concentrations within particular organelles can oxidize cellular constituents, such as membrane lipids, indicated by an increase in the lipid peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA 7. Plants exhibit several physiological adaptations to deal with the negative impact of water stress 8. In order to cope with oxidative stress, plants activate their antioxidant system and the major enzymes involved are superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidise (POD) and catal...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Exogenous melatonin improves glutathione content, redox state and increases essential oil production in two Salvia species under drought stress

Bidabadi

VanderWeide

Sabbatini

2020

Sci Rep

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“…are known to be the main pathogens affecting cherry fruits ( Habib et al, 2015 ; Chockchaisawasdee et al, 2016 ), very little is still known on how endogenous phytohormone contents might influence their decay. Sweet cherry is a non-climacteric fruit, which is characterized, in contrast to climacteric fruits, by a progressive abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, a lower respiration rate and almost no ethylene release during ripening ( Pérez-Llorca et al, 2019 ). However, although cherry fruits are composed by an outer layer, the exocarp, an edible mesocarp, and a stony endocarp, no studies have focused thus far on better understanding the contribution of these tissues on fruit decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Tissue-Specific Jasmonic Acid, Salicylic Acid, and Abscisic Acid Dynamics in Sweet Cherry Development and Their Implications in Fruit-Microbe Interactions

Fresno

Munné‐Bosch

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Sweet cherry is an important non-climacteric fruit with a high commercial interest, but exploitation of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in orchards is usually subject to important economic losses due to fruit decay by pathogenic fungi and other microorganisms. Sweet cherries development and ripening are characterized by profound physiological changes in the fruit, among which the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role. In addition, sweet cherries are usually affected by fruit decay pathogens, and the role of other stress-related hormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) may also be of paramount importance, not only from a developmental point of view, but also from a fruit-microbe interaction perspective. Here, a tissue-specific hormone quantification by LC-MS/MS, including the contents of JA, SA, and ABA, in the fruit exocarp and mesocarp of sweet cherries during fruit development from trees growing in a commercial orchard was carried out. Additionally, this study was complemented with the characterization of the culturable epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities of sweet cherries at various stages of fruit development and during cracking lesion formation. Our results revealed a completely differential behavior of phytohormones between both tissues (the exocarp and mesocarp), with a more dynamic exocarp in front of a more stable mesocarp, and with marked variations during fruit development. Microbial epiphytic community was mainly composed by yeasts, although rot-causing fungi like Alternaria spp. were always also present throughout fruit development. Endophytic colonization was poor, but it increased throughout fruit development. Furthermore, when the exocarp was naturally disrupted in sweet cherries suffering from cracking, the colonization by Alternaria spp. markedly increased. Altogether, results suggest that the fruit exocarp and mesocarp are very dynamic tissues in which endogenous phytohormones not only modulate fruit development and ripening but also fruit-microbe interactions.

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“…Chorismate is responsible for aromatic amino acids including tryptophan, and through several steps, it can generate the IAA. Meanwhile, chorismate can be converted into isochorismate which transformed into SA (Pérez-Llorca et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exogenous salicylic acid or indole acetic acid on their endogenous levels, germination, and growth in maize

El-Mergawi

El-Wahed

2020

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Exogenous hormone applications modify the plant growth and development by inducing changes in their endogenous contents. However, it is not clear whether the effects of exogenous hormones on growth are direct or related with changes induced in endogenous hormones. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) or indole acetic acid (IAA) on endogenous levels in soaked seeds, 5-day-old seedlings, and in vegetative growth of foliar-sprayed plants. The effects of different concentrations of two hormones on germination and growth of maize were also studied. Results The effect of presoaking maize seeds in solutions of SA or IAA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) on their endogenous contents in soaked seeds or in 5-day-old seedlings. Soaked seeds absorbed more SA than IAA. In young seedlings, the majority of two hormones which absorbed during seed soaking remained in the residual seeds. Presoaking seeds in SA or IAA solutions suppressed the growth of 5-day-old seedlings. In the greenhouse experiment, endogenous SA and IAA increased after spraying two compounds at 0.25–2 mM, peaking 2 days after treatment then decreased on. However, plants treated with SA at 1 mM or 2 mM continued to pose higher levels of endogenous SA, 8 days later. At 20 days after treatments, all tested concentrations of two hormones significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of the whole plant. These inducing effects disappeared 40 days after spraying. Conclusion The obtained results demonstrated the changes in endogenous SA and IAA in soaked seeds, seedling, and foliar-sprayed plants due to their exogenous application. However, concentrations of two hormones did not produce any permanent enhancement effects on germination and plant growth.

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Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Function of Auxin, Salicylic Acid and Melatonin in Climacteric and Non-climacteric Fruits

Cited by 102 publications

References 124 publications

Exogenous melatonin improves glutathione content, redox state and increases essential oil production in two Salvia species under drought stress

Exogenous melatonin improves glutathione content, redox state and increases essential oil production in two Salvia species under drought stress

Differential Tissue-Specific Jasmonic Acid, Salicylic Acid, and Abscisic Acid Dynamics in Sweet Cherry Development and Their Implications in Fruit-Microbe Interactions

Effect of exogenous salicylic acid or indole acetic acid on their endogenous levels, germination, and growth in maize

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