Biosynthesis and Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall

Zarra, Ignacio; Revilla, Gloría; Sampedro, Javier; Valdivia, Elene R.

doi:10.1007/124_2019_27

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Consistent with the physiological observations, our transcriptome data also showed that the early hull development stages were the key period in determining the hull difference between rice-tartary buckwheat and normal tartary buckwheat. In A. thaliana and some other plants, many regulatory genes (major NAC and MYB TFs) and structural genes of SCW biosynthesis have been functional identified, and the gene regulation network of SCW biosynthesis has also been established [ 26 – 31 ]. In our study, we identified a module with genes showing specific high expression in “JQ” at 10 DAP by using WGCNA for all identified EDGs between “XMQ” and “JQ” hulls at four development stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this module, 9 identified hub TFs were found to be the homologs of A. thaliana SCW biosynthesis regulation genes, which included the homologs of the first-layer ( NST1 , NST2 , and SND1 ) [ 32 – 34 ], the second-layer ( MYB46 / MYB83 ) [ 35 , 36 ] and the third-layer regulators ( MYB54 , MYB103 , C3H14 , and C3H15 ) [ 37 , 38 ]. Furthermore, 24 homologs of the A. thaliana SCW biosynthesis structural genes, which catalyzed cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin biosynthesis, were also identified in this module [ 26 , 31 ], and 12 of them were also defined as hub genes. Based on the RNA-seq data, the expression of these identified SCW biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes were significantly higher (fold change > 2) in “JQ” than that in “XMQ” at 5 DAP or 10 DAP or both 5 DAP and 10 DAP, which was further verified by qRT-PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice-tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Tartary buckwheat has gained popularity in the food marketplace due to its abundant nutrients and high bioactive flavonoid content. However, its difficult dehulling process has severely restricted its food processing industry development. Rice-tartary buckwheat, a rare local variety, is very easily dehulled, but the cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for this easy dehulling remains largely unclear. Results In this study, we integrated analyses of the comparative cellular, physiological, transcriptome, and gene coexpression network to insight into the reason that rice-tartary buckwheat is easy to dehull. Compared to normal tartary buckwheat, rice-tartary buckwheat has significantly brittler and thinner hull, and thinner cell wall in hull sclerenchyma cells. Furthermore, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of rice-tartary buckwheat hull were significantly lower than those in all or part of the tested normal tartary buckwheat cultivars, respectively, and the significant difference in cellulose and hemicellulose contents between rice-tartary buckwheat and normal tartary buckwheat began at 10 days after pollination (DAP). Comparative transcriptome analysis identified a total of 9250 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the rice- and normal-tartary buckwheat hulls at four different development stages. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of all DEGs identified a key module associated with the formation of the hull difference between rice- and normal-tartary buckwheat. In this specific module, many secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes, which involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis, were identified as hub genes and displayed coexpression. These identified hub genes of SCW biosynthesis were significantly lower expression in rice-tartary buckwheat hull than in normal tartary buckwheat at the early hull development stages. Among them, the expression of 17 SCW biosynthesis relative-hub genes were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Conclusions Our results showed that the lower expression of SCW biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes in rice-tartary buckwheat hull in the early development stages contributes to its easy dehulling by reducing the content of cell wall chemical components, which further effects the cell wall thickness of hull sclerenchyma cells, and hull thickness and mechanical strength.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice-tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consistent with the physiological observations, our transcriptome data also showed that the early hull development stages were the key period in determining the hull difference between rice tartary buckwheat and normal tartary buckwheat. In A. thaliana and some other plants, many regulatory genes (major NAC and MYB TFs) and structural genes of SCW biosynthesis have been functional identi ed, and the gene regulation network of SCW biosynthesis has also been established [26][27][28][29][30][31]. In our study, we identi ed a module with genes showing speci c high expression in "JQ" at 10 DAP by using WGCNA for all identi ed EDGs between "XMQ" and "JQ" hulls at four development stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this module, 9 identi ed hub TFs were found to be the homologs of A. thaliana SCW biosynthesis regulation genes, which include the homologs of the rst-layer (NST1, NST2, and SND1) [32][33][34], the second-layer (MYB46/MYB83) [35,36] and the third-layer regulators (MYB54, MYB103, C3H14, and C3H15) [37,38]. Furthermore, 24 homologs of the A. thaliana SCW biosynthesis structural genes, which catalyzed cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin biosynthesis, were also identi ed in this module [26,31], and 12 of them were also de ned as hub genes. Based on the RNA-seq data, the expression of these identi ed SCW biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes were signi cantly higher (fold change > 2) in "JQ" than that in "XMQ" at 5 DAP or 10 DAP or both 5 DAP and 10 DAP, which was further veri ed by qRT-PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the expression of the rst-layer regulators (NST1, NST2, and SND1) was also obviously higher in the other three normal tartary buckwheat cultivars in the early hull development stages. In Arabidopsis and other plants, the mutation of the SCW biosynthesis regulatory or structural genes would lead to a severe reduction of cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin contents and the thin of SCW, and nally caused a collapsed vessel and brittle phenotype [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Therefore, combining the above-mentioned cellular and physiological data as well as these transcriptome data, our results suggested that the lower expression of SCW biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes in the early development stages of rice tartary buckwheat hull was the reason for the reduction of cellulose and hemicellulose contents, which further led to the thin hull ditch, the thin cell wall of sclerenchyma cell, the brittle hull of rice tartary buckwheat, and nally contributes to its easy dehulling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Tartary buckwheat has gained popularity in the food marketplace due to its abundant nutrients and high bioactive flavonoid content. However, its difficult dehulling process has severely restricted its food processing industry development. Rice tartary buckwheat, a rare local variety, is very easily dehulled, but the cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for this easy dehulling remains largely unclear. Results In this study, we integrated analyses of the comparative cellular, physiological, transcriptome, and gene coexpression network to insight into the reason that rice tartary buckwheat is easy to dehull. Compared to normal tartary buckwheat, rice tartary buckwheat had significantly brittler and thinner hull, and thinner cell wall in hull sclerenchyma cells. Furthermore, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of rice tartary buckwheat hull were significantly lower than those in all or part of the tested normal tartary buckwheat cultivars, respectively, and the significant difference in cellulose and hemicellulose contents between rice tartary buckwheat and normal tartary buckwheat began at 10 days after pollination (DAP). Comparative transcriptome analysis identified a total of 9,250 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the rice- and normal-tartary buckwheat hulls at four different development stages. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of all DEGs identified a key module associated with the formation of the hull difference between rice- and normal-tartary buckwheat. In this specific module, many secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes, which involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis, were identified hub genes and displayed coexpression. These identified hub genes of SCW biosynthesis were significantly lower expression in rice tartary buckwheat hull than in normal tartary buckwheat at the early hull development stages. Among them, the expression of 17 SCW biosynthesis relative-hub genes were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Conclusions Our results show that the lower expression of SCW biosynthesis regulatory and structural genes in rice tartary buckwheat hull in the early development stages contribute to its easy dehulling by reducing the content of cell wall chemical components, which further effect the cell wall thickness of hull sclerenchyma cells, and hull thickness and mechanical strength.

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Environmental and developmental factors driving xylem anatomy and micro‐density in black spruce

et al. 2021

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Wood density is the product of carbon allocation for structural growth and reflects the trade-off between mechanical support and water conductivity. We tested a conceptual framework based on the assumption that micro-density depends on direct and indirect relationships with endogenous and exogenous factors. The dynamics of wood formation, including timings and rates of cell division, cell enlargement, and secondary wall deposition, were assessed from microcores collected weekly between 2002 and 2016 from five black spruce stands located along a latitudinal gradient in Quebec, Canada. Cell anatomy and micro-density were recorded by anatomical analyses and X-ray measurements. Our structural equation model explained 80% of micro-density variation within the treering with direct effects of wall thickness (r = 0.61), cell diameter (r = À0.51), and photoperiod (r = À0.26). Wood formation dynamics had an indirect effect on micro-density. Micro-density increased under longer periods of cell-wall deposition and shorter durations of enlargement. Our results fill a critical gap in understanding the relationships underlying micro-density variation in conifers. We demonstrated that short-term responses to environmental variations could be overridden by plastic responses that modulate cell differentiation. Our results point to wood formation dynamics as a reliable predictor of carbon allocation in trees.

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Biosynthesis and Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall

Cited by 5 publications

References 221 publications

Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice-tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)

Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice-tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)

Comparative cellular, physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal the potential easy dehulling mechanism of rice tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)

Environmental and developmental factors driving xylem anatomy and micro‐density in black spruce

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