Biosynthesis and Regulation of Phenylpropanoids in Plants

Deng, Yuxing; Lu, Shanfa

doi:10.1080/07352689.2017.1402852

Cited by 359 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 311 publications

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“…The roles of transcriptional activators promoting lignin biosynthesis have been well documented in various plants, such as thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) (reviewed in [12]) and tree species (reviewed in [13,14]). The negative regulators of lignin biosynthesis and their underlying directing networks are tightly controlled.…”

Section: Transcriptional Repression Of Lignin Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Blueprint of Lignin Repression

Behr¹,

Guerriero²,

Grima‐Pettenati³

et al. 2019

Trends in Plant Science

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Although lignin is essential to ensure the correct growth and development of land plants, it may be an obstacle to the production of lignocellulosics-based biofuels, and reduces the nutritional quality of crops used for human consumption or livestock feed. The need to tailor the lignocellulosic biomass for more efficient biofuel production or for improved plant digestibility has fostered considerable advances in our understanding of the lignin biosynthetic pathway and its regulation. Most of the described regulators are transcriptional activators of lignin biosynthesis, but considerably less attention has been devoted to the repressors of this pathway. We provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular factors that negatively impact on the lignification process at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Challenging LigninLignin is a major cell wall component that fulfills fundamental functions in plant development as well as in defense against pests and pathogens. This heteropolymer impregnates the compound middle lamella and the secondary cell walls (SCWs) of cells genetically programmed to be lignified, such as xylem tracheary elements as well as xylem and phloem fibers. Lignin biosynthesis spans the phenylpropanoid and the monolignol pathways, from phenylalanine to p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols. Monolignol homeostasis is regulated through a balance between the molecular factors that antagonistically regulate their biosynthesis. After monolignols are excreted into the apoplast, they are oxidized by the phenol-oxidoreductase laccases and/or by class III peroxidases, and are polymerized by radical coupling. A complex regulatory network involving phytohormones, transcription factors (TFs), and post-transcriptional events guide SCW deposition and lignification [1]. This network prevents lignin deposition in tissues undergoing active division or elongation such as apical meristems, vascular cambium, and immature xylem cells, as well as in non-lignified tissues such as stem pith and flax or hemp bast fibers that harbor gelatinous walls under normal developmental conditions. Similarly, this network negatively regulates lignification in xylem tissue formed in response to mechanical stresses such as, for instance, poplar tension wood that harbors hypolignified gelatinous walls.

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Section: Transcriptional Repression Of Lignin Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Blueprint of Lignin Repression

Behr¹,

Guerriero²,

Grima‐Pettenati³

et al. 2019

Trends in Plant Science

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“…Phenylpropanoids are secondary plant metabolites synthetized by the amino acid phenylalanine (primary metabolite) via the general phenylpropanoid pathway (Figure 1b) [19][20][21][22]. Their biosynthesis starts with the formation of cinnamic acid from phenylalanine by the action of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning of Essential Oils

Mele

2020

Polymers

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The extensive and sometimes unregulated use of synthetic chemicals, such as drugs, preservatives, and pesticides, is posing big threats to global health, the environment, and food security. This has stimulated the research of new strategies to deal with bacterial infections in animals and humans and to eradicate pests. Plant extracts, particularly essential oils, have recently emerged as valid alternatives to synthetic drugs, due to their properties which include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. This review discusses the current research on the use of electrospinning to encapsulate essential oils into polymeric nanofibres and achieve controlled release of these bioactive compounds, while protecting them from degradation. The works here analysed demonstrate that the electrospinning process is an effective strategy to preserve the properties of essential oils and create bioactive membranes for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food packaging applications.

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“…Up-regulation of higher number of defense-related genes was observed in the northern population under SHADE. Likewise, MapMan network indicates higher expression of genes at latitude 67°2’N that are included in the phenylpropanoid pathway involved in defense (Deng and Lu, 2017) (Supplementary Fig.S1-S3, Supplementary Material online). MYB3 represses phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and downregulation of MYB3 (with cline in SNP) in the north indicates that phenylpropanoid pathway is enhanced at latitude 67°2’N.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular signatures of local adaptation to light in Norway Spruce: role of lignin mediated immunity

2020

Preprint

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Study of natural variation is an efficient method to elucidate how plants adapt to local climatic conditions, a key process for the evolution of a species. However, it is challenging to determine the genetic basis of adaptive variation especially in forest trees which have large and complex genomes. Norway spruce is a shade tolerant conifer in which the requirement of far-red light for growth increases latitudinally northwards. In the current work, hypocotyl-length followed a latitudinal cline in response to SHADE (low red:far-red ratio). RNA-sequencing revealed differential gene expression in response to SHADE, between a southern and a northern natural population in Sweden. Exome capture included analysis of uniquely large data set (1654 trees) that revealed missense variations in coding regions of nine differentially expressed candidate genes, which followed a latitudinal cline in allele and genotype frequencies. These genes included five transcription factors involved in vital processes like bud-set/bud-flush, lignin pathway and cold acclimation, and other genes that take part in cell-wall remodeling, secondary cell-wall thickening, response to starvation and immunity. Findings from this work primarily suggests that the northern populations of Norway spruce are better adapted towards disease resistance under shade by up-regulation of lignin pathway that is linked to immunity and it forms concrete basis for local adaptation to light quality in Norway spruce, one of the most economically important conifer tree species in Sweden.

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Biosynthesis and Regulation of Phenylpropanoids in Plants

Cited by 359 publications

References 311 publications

A Molecular Blueprint of Lignin Repression

A Molecular Blueprint of Lignin Repression

Electrospinning of Essential Oils

Molecular signatures of local adaptation to light in Norway Spruce: role of lignin mediated immunity

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