Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants

Ren, Junze; Wu, Yu Chun; Zhu, Zhanpin; CHEN, Ruibing; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60214-0

“…This excess of female-biased expression could be due to lower energy consumption needs and reduced chemical defence capability against insect herbivores in short-lived male flowers (Sanderson et al, 2019). Indeed, functional enrichment analysis in chemical pathways such as terpenoid backbone and diterpenoid biosynthesis indicated that relative to male floral buds, female floral buds had more expressed genes that were equipped to defend against herbivorous insects and pathogens, except for growth and development (Vaughan et al, 2013; Ren et al, 2022) (Fig. S7A and Table S11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Zhao

¹

,

Zhou

²

,

He

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

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Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex-biased genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates of protein sequences driving by positive selection and relaxed purifying selection in animals. Although rapid sequence evolution of sex-biased genes and evolutionary forces have been investigated in animals and brown algas, less is known about them in dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared the expression of sex-biased gene between female and male flower buds and between female and male mature flowers in dioecious Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). In floral buds, sex-biased gene expression was pervasive, and had significantly different roles on sexual dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher rates of sequence evolution for male-biased genes in floral buds compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. Male-biased genes under positive selection were mainly related to abiotic and biotic stress, suggesting that high evolutionary rates are driven by adaptive evolution. Additionally, relaxed purifying selection may contribute to accelerated evolution in male-biased genes generated by gene duplication. Our findings, for the first time in dioecious angiosperms, suggest evident rapid evolution of male-biased genes, advance our understanding of the patterns and forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants.

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“…This excess of female-biased expression could be due to lower energy consumption needs and reduced chemical defense capability against insect herbivores in short-lived male flowers (Sanderson et al, 2019 ). Indeed, functional enrichment analysis in chemical pathways such as terpenoid backbone and diterpenoid biosynthesis indicated that relative to male floral buds, female floral buds had more expressed genes that were equipped to defend against herbivorous insects and pathogens, except for growth and development (Vaughan et al, 2013 ;Ren et al, 2022 ) (Fig. S7A and Table S11).…”

Section: Sex-biased Expression In Floral Budsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Zhao,

Zhou,

He

et al. 2024

eLife

0

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Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex-biased genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates of protein sequences driving by positive selection and relaxed purifying selection in animals. Although rapid sequence evolution of sex-biased genes and evolutionary forces have been investigated in animals and brown algas, less is known about them in dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared the expression of sex-biased gene between female and male flower buds and between female and male mature flowers in dioecious Trichosanthes pilosa (Cucurbitaceae). In floral buds, sex-biased gene expression was pervasive, and had significantly different roles on sexual dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher rates of sequence evolution for male-biased genes in floral buds compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. Male-biased genes under positive selection were mainly related to abiotic and biotic stress, suggesting that high evolutionary rates are driven by adaptive evolution. Additionally, relaxed purifying selection may contribute to accelerated evolution in male-biased genes generated by gene duplication. Our findings, for the first time in dioecious angiosperms, suggest evident rapid evolution of male-biased genes, advance our understanding of the patterns and forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants.

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“…Diterpenoids, such as gibberellins (GAs), play vital in primary plant metabolism, growth, and development (Yamaguchi 2008 ). They also possess great industrial value as biofuels, food additives, or perfume ingredients (Ren et al 2022 ). On the other hand, triterpenoids are the most common nonsteroidal secondary metabolites in terrestrial and marine plants and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids

Ma,

Li,

Wu

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Terpenoids are a class of structurally complex, naturally occurring compounds found predominantly in plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolites. Classical terpenoids typically have carbon atoms in multiples of five and follow well-defined carbon skeletons, whereas noncanonical terpenoids deviate from these patterns. These noncanonical terpenoids often result from the methyltransferase-catalyzed methylation modification of substrate units, leading to irregular carbon skeletons. In this comprehensive review, various activities and applications of these noncanonical terpenes have been summarized. Importantly, the review delves into the biosynthetic pathways of noncanonical terpenes, including those with C6, C7, C11, C12, and C16 carbon skeletons, in bacteria and fungi host. It also covers noncanonical triterpenes synthesized from non-squalene substrates and nortriterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum, providing detailed examples to elucidate the intricate biosynthetic processes involved. Finally, the review outlines the potential future applications of noncanonical terpenoids. In conclusion, the insights gathered from this review provide a reference for understanding the biosynthesis of these noncanonical terpenes and pave the way for the discovery of additional unique and novel noncanonical terpenes. Key points •The activities and applications of noncanonical terpenoids are introduced. •The noncanonical terpenoids with irregular carbon skeletons are presented. •The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids is summarized.

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Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants

Cited by 11 publications

References 134 publications

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant

The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids

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