Biosynthesis and immunity of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Vatanparast, Mohammad; Lee, Dong-Hee; Kim, Yonggyun

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2020.103643

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This suggests that EpOMEs may interrupt the Toll/IMD immune signals. In contrast, epoxy eicosanoids such as EETs increased the expression levels of AMPs in S. exigua 12 . This suggests there is a functional competition between these two types of oxylipin, in which EpOMEs may interfere with the functional mediation of EETs in AMP expression via Toll/IMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The mammalian epoxygenases shared sequence homology with eight S. exigua CYPs in a monophyletic cluster. This gene cluster includes three SeCYPs ( CYP18A1 , CYP18B1 , and CYP305B1 ) associated with EET synthesis 12 . Interestingly, SE51385 and SE50826 are closely related to the mammalian EpOME synthases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another closely related CYP genes of S. exigua in the EpOME cluster was Se-CYP18A1 , Se-CYP18B1 , and Se-CYP305B1 . These genes were identified as EET synthases ( SeEPX1-3 ) of S. exigua 12 . In that study, these genes were expressed in all developmental stages and larval tissues, and RNAi of these genes led to suppression of cellular immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not clear whether EpOMEs mediate typical cellular or humoral immune responses. Other epoxy fatty acids such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) derived from arachidonic acid were detected in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua 12 . In that study, four different EETs mediated cellular and humoral immune responses by activating hemocyte behavior and inducing antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that study, four different EETs mediated cellular and humoral immune responses by activating hemocyte behavior and inducing antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression. Furthermore, Vatanparast et al 12 proposed that four CYPs are involved in EET biosynthesis. However, genetic factors related to EpOME biosynthesis have not been reported in insects although EpOMEs and EETs are synthesized by similar CYPs in mammals 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EpOMEs act as immune suppressors in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Vatanparast

Ahmed

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) are epoxide derivatives of linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) and include 9,10-EpOME and 12,13-EpOME. They are synthesized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Although EpOMEs are well known to play crucial roles in mediating various physiological processes in mammals, their role is not well understood in insects. This study chemically identified their presence in insect tissues: 941.8 pg/g of 9,10-EpOME and 2,198.3 pg/g of 12,13-EpOME in fat body of a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Injection of 9,10-EpOME or 12,13-EpOME into larvae suppressed the cellular immune responses induced by bacterial challenge. EpOME treatment also suppressed the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. Among 139 S. exigua CYPs, an ortholog (SE51385) to human EpOME synthase was predicted and its expression was highly inducible upon bacterial challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) of SE51385 prevented down-regulation of immune responses at a late stage (> 24 h) following bacterial challenge. A soluble epoxide hydrolase (Se-sEH) of S. exigua was predicted and showed specific expression in all development stages and in different larval tissues. Furthermore, its expression levels were highly enhanced by bacterial challenge in different tissues. RNAi reduction of Se-sEH interfered with hemocyte-spreading behavior, nodule formation, and AMP expression. To support the immune association of EpOMEs, urea-based sEH inhibitors were screened to assess their inhibitory activities against cellular and humoral immune responses of S. exigua. 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA) was highly potent in suppressing the immune responses. The addition of AUDA to a pathogenic bacterium significantly increased bacterial pathogenicity by suppressing host immune defense. In sum, this study demonstrated that EpOMEs play a crucial role in facilitating anti-inflammatory responses in S. exigua.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

EpOMEs act as immune suppressors in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Vatanparast

Ahmed

Lee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Glycerol biosynthesis plays an essential role in mediating cold tolerance the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta

Vatanparast

Sajjadian

Park

2021

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren is native to South America and known as a global problematic invasive species. At low temperatures, several investigations have demonstrated an increase in glycerol as a primary rapid cold hardening (RCH) component and an increase in the supercooling point. Two genes, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerol kinase (GK), have been identified as being involved in the glycerol production process. In this study, one GPDH and two GK sequences were extracted from RIFA transcriptome analysis (Si-GPDH, Si-GK1, and Si-GK2). All three genes were expressed in different body parts and different tissues of S. invicta that Si-GK2 showed a higher expression level than the others. According to gene expression levels by qRT-PCR analysis, the highest expression levels of three genes were observed in fat body tissues. After 1 h of exposure to low temperatures (5°C or lower), the mRNA levels of these genes significantly increased, according to expression analyses. RNA interference (RNAi) of Si-GPDH or Si-GK1 and Si-GK2 exhibited a significant downregulation at the mRNA level. The mortality rate of treated RIFA by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific to GPDH and GK2 significantly increased at low temperatures. This study indicates that GPDH and GK2 as glycerol biosynthesis genes in RIFA have a high expression

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Immune responses of the Asian onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, and their genetic factors from RNA‐Seq analysis

Hrithik

Kim

2023

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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A nonmodel insect, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, has been analyzed in immune responses. The total hemocytes in the fifth instar larvae were 2.33 × 106 cells/mL. These hemocytes comprised at least five different types and different relative ratios: 47% granulocytes, 26% plasmatocytes, 11% oenocytoid, 8% prohemocytes, and 5% spherulocytes. Upon bacterial challenge, some of the hemocytes exhibited typical hemocyte‐spreading behaviors, such as focal adhesion, and filopodial and lamellipodial cytoplasmic extensions. The hemocyte behaviors induced cellular immune responses demonstrated by nodule formation. In addition, the plasma collected from the immune‐challenged larvae exhibited humoral immune responses by bacterial growth inhibition along with enhanced phenoloxidase enzyme activity. These cellular and humoral immune responses were further analyzed by determining the immune‐associated genes from a transcriptome generated by RNA‐Seq. A total of about 12 Gb sequences led to about 218,116 contigs, which were predicted to encode about 46,808 genes. Comparative expression analysis showed 8392 uniquely expressed genes in the immune‐challenged larvae. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis among the commonly expressed genes indicated that 782 genes were upregulated and 548 genes were downregulated in the expressions after bacterial challenge. These immune‐associated genes included pattern recognition receptors, immune mediation/signaling genes, and various immune effectors. Specifically, the genetic components of the Toll, IMD, and JAK/STAT immune signaling pathways were included in the DEG database. These results demonstrate the immune responses of A. sapporensis larvae and suggest the genes associated with the immune responses in this nonmodel insect.

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Biosynthesis and immunity of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

EpOMEs act as immune suppressors in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

EpOMEs act as immune suppressors in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua

Glycerol biosynthesis plays an essential role in mediating cold tolerance the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta

Immune responses of the Asian onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, and their genetic factors from RNA‐Seq analysis

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