Biostratigraphy, palaeoenvironment and sea level changes during pre-collisional (Palaeocene) phase of the Indian plate: palynological evidence from Akli Formation in Giral Lignite Mine, Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, Western India

Prasad, Vandana; Uddandam, Prem Raj; Agrawal, Shailesh; Bajpai, Sunil; Mishra, Indrabir Singh Ashish K; Sharma, Anupam; Verma, Madhav Kumarand Poonam

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020030

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Sonari Lignite Mine (25º57´38″ N, 71º16´ 25 E″), Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India. Paleocene‐Eocene age (~63–54 Ma) (Prasad et al, 2020; Prasad et al, unpublished). Matasukh Lignite Mine (27°06’13” N, 74°03’57” E), Nagaur Basin, Rajasthan, India; early Eocene age (~55 Ma) (Prasad et al, unpublished; Singh et al, 2016). Vastan Lignite Mine (21°25’47” N, 73°07’30” E), Cambay Basin, Gujarat, India; early Eocene age (~54–52 Ma) (Garg et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic and evolutionary history of Crotonoideae based on pollen evidence from Indian Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments

Bansal¹,

Mishra²,

Prasad³

2022

Biotropica

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Euphorbiaceae Juss. is a globally distributed angiosperm family with considerable diversity. It is divided into five subfamilies, each of which possesses pollen of distinct morphology. The subfamily Crotonoideae, occurring in evergreen, moist deciduous as well as dry deciduous forests of the world, shows a disjunct distribution pattern in Gondwana and Southeast Asia. This subfamily underwent multiple speciation and extinction events during the northward voyage of the Indian Plate during the Late Cretaceous-early Paleogene. We studied Crotonoideae fossil pollen from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappeans (Central India) and early Paleogene sediments from the western Indian lignite mines, and as a result, report 10 pollen fossils showing similarity with the extant genera Blachia, Croton, Endospermum, Jatropha, Klaineanthus, and Tetrorchidium, representing 4 tribes of Crotonoideae viz. Adenoclineae, Codiaeae, Crotoneae, and Jatropheae. Fossil evidences from the present study suggest a Gondwanan origin for Crotonoideae. Based on the extant and fossil species, Africa could be the place of origin for most of the Crotonoideae lineages that later dispersed to India via the Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc during the late Maastrichtian-Paleocene time. The former distribution of Crotonoideae in mid-high latitudinal regions is due to the dispersal of the subfamily from Africa to mid latitudinal regions of northern hemisphere during the early Paleogene via the boreotropical dispersal route. This study also corroborates the "Out of India" hypothesis for the dispersal of Crotonoideae from India to Southeast Asia. The present deep-time fossil records from India discussed in this study substantiate the evolutionary and biogeographic history of subfamily Crotonoideae.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic and evolutionary history of Crotonoideae based on pollen evidence from Indian Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments

Bansal¹,

Mishra²,

Prasad³

2022

Biotropica

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“…Seismic sections reveal the unconformable contact between the Barmer Hill Formation and the Dharvi Dungar Formation [31]. A few workers considered the lignite-bearing succession as the Akli Formation [32,[34][35][36][37]. In this study, we have adopted the stratigraphic scheme of Dolson et al [31] and considered the lignite-bearing succession of the Giral Mine as the Giral Member of the Dharvi Dungar Formation.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironmental Conditions during the Paleocene–Eocene Transition Imprinted within the Glauconitic Giral Member of the Barmer Basin, India

et al. 2021

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The roughly 6 m thick limestone–green shale alternation within the lignite-bearing Giral Member of the Barmer Basin corresponds to a marine flooding event immediately after the Paleocene–Eocene transition. A detailed characterization of the glauconite using Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer and Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) reveals its origin in the backdrop of prevailing warm climatic conditions. The glauconite pellets vary from fine silt-sized to coarse sand-sized pellets, often reaching ~60% of the rock by volume. Mineralogical investigation reveals a ‘nascent’ to ‘slightly evolved’ character of the marginal marine-originated glauconite showing considerable interstratification. The chemical composition of the glauconite is unusual with a high Al2O3 (>10 wt%) and moderately high Fe2O3(total) contents (>15 wt%). While the K2O content of these glauconites is low, the interlayer sites are atypically rich in Na2O, frequently occupying ~33% of the total interlayer sites. The Mössbauer spectrum indicates 10% of the total iron is in ferrous form. High tetrahedral Al3+ of these glauconites suggests a high-alumina substrate that transformed to glauconite by octahedral Al-for-Fe substitution followed by the addition of K into the interlayer structure. The unusually high Na2O suggests the possibility of a soda-rich pore water formed by the dissolution of alkaline volcanic minerals. The Giral glauconite formation could have been a part of the major contributors in the Fe-sequestration cycle in the Early Eocene shelves. Warm climate during the Early Eocene time favored the glauconitization because of the enhanced supply of Fe, Al, and Si and proliferation of an oxygen-depleted depositional environment.

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Early Paleogene Megaflora of the Palaeoequatorial Climate: A Case Study from the Gurha Lignite Mine of Rajasthan, Western India

Chandra¹,

Shukla²,

Mehrotra³

2022

Society of Earth Scientists Series

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Biostratigraphy, palaeoenvironment and sea level changes during pre-collisional (Palaeocene) phase of the Indian plate: palynological evidence from Akli Formation in Giral Lignite Mine, Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, Western India

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Biogeographic and evolutionary history of Crotonoideae based on pollen evidence from Indian Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments

Biogeographic and evolutionary history of Crotonoideae based on pollen evidence from Indian Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments

Paleoenvironmental Conditions during the Paleocene–Eocene Transition Imprinted within the Glauconitic Giral Member of the Barmer Basin, India

Early Paleogene Megaflora of the Palaeoequatorial Climate: A Case Study from the Gurha Lignite Mine of Rajasthan, Western India

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