Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Lower Ordovician graptolites from the Fezouata Shale (Moroccan Anti-Atlas)

Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C.; Martin, Emmanuel L.O.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.07.026

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…). Stratigraphic data (left columns) are based on graptolite biozones identified by Gutiérrez‐Marco & Martin (). Sequence stratigraphy follows Vaucher et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age calibration of the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Lagerstätte, Morocco

Lefèbvre

Gutiérrez-Marco

Lehnert

et al. 2018

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The Fezouata Lagerstätte, discovered in the Lower Ordovician rocks of Morocco, is a Konservat‐Lagerstätte of prime scientific importance. It provides access not only to the ‘shelly’ (skeletonized) part of its fossil assemblages, but also to non‐biomineralized to lightly sclerotized organisms and to exceptionally preserved soft tissues of a complex ecosystem, mixing elements of both the ‘Cambrian Explosion’ and the ‘Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event’ (GOBE). The Fezouata Lagerstätte occurs at different intervals in the Fezouata Shale, a formation ranging from the lower Tremadocian to the upper Floian (Lower Ordovician). In spite of recent major advances in the detailed biostratigraphy of the Fezouata Shale, there is currently no consensus on the precise age of the fossiliferous levels yielding exceptionally preserved assemblages. Consequently, all available biostratigraphical evidence based on several fossil groups is here critically reviewed and discussed. It can be concluded that exceptional preservation is restricted to a few thin, discontinuous, lens‐shaped horizons occurring in two distinct parts of the Fezouata Shale: a lower interval (260–330 m above the base of the formation) and an upper interval (570–620 m). Integrated biostratigraphical studies, essentially based on investigations of graptolites, acritarchs and conodonts, indicate that the lower interval can be correlated with the upper Tremadocian, whereas the upper interval corresponds to the middle Floian.

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“…). Stratigraphic data (left columns) are based on graptolite biozones identified by Gutiérrez‐Marco & Martin (). Sequence stratigraphy follows Vaucher et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age calibration of the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Lagerstätte, Morocco

Lefèbvre

Gutiérrez-Marco

Lehnert

et al. 2018

LET

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“…Although these informal units were used by Legrand (), they were never reused or revised by other authors. A recent review by Gutiérrez‐Marco & Martin () shows that the Lower Ordovician graptolite succession from North Africa, in spite of some endemisms seems to be perfectly correlatable with the generalized zonal sequence for Avalonia–Baltica and Andean Gondwana, and the same applies to Middle Ordovician records of this fossil group. On the other hand, the brachiopod and trilobite faunas from Algeria also show the same ‘Mediterranean’ character as their equivalents in high Ordovician palaeolatitudes.…”

Section: Historical Perspective On Regional Chronostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The true base of this global stage cannot be recognized in any section of the South Gondwanan Ordovician, where the oldest rhabdinoporinid graptolites recorded from North Africa, Sardinia and Turkey indicate an early, but not earliest, Tremadocian Age (Gutiérrez‐Marco et al . ; Gutiérrez‐Marco & Martin ). Tremadocian strata frequently rest disconformably upon Cambrian rocks and occur in thick volcanosedimentary and metavolcanic complexes related with the opening of the Rheic ocean (e.g.…”

Section: The Bohemo‐iberian Regional Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Five consecutive graptolite biozones in the Fezouata Formation span from the mid‐lower to the uppermost Tremadocian (Gutiérrez‐Marco & Martin ). The majority of the recognized species are cosmopolitan, but some genera were restricted to shallow‐water shelf environments in high‐latitude regions ( Kiaerograptus , Choristograptus , Bryograptus ).…”

Section: The Bohemo‐iberian Regional Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Floian graptolite sequences from the Lake District, the Moroccan Anti‐Atlas, and the Montagne Noire allow, at a local level, to estimate the extent of the international stage slices Fl1 to Fl3 with reference to the Baltic scheme (Gutiérrez‐Marco & Martin ). In the Ossa‐Morena Complex of SW Spain, the base of the Tetragraptus pyllograptoides biozone can be used, as it occurs in some Baltic successions, as correlatable to the FAD of Tetragraptus approximatus , defining the base of the Floian stage in most deeper‐shelf‐to‐slope assemblages.…”

Section: The Bohemo‐iberian Regional Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bohemo‐Iberian regional chronostratigraphical scale for the Ordovician System and palaeontological correlations within South Gondwana

Gutiérrez-Marco

Sá

García‐Bellido

et al. 2017

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The Bohemo‐Iberian regional scale for South Gondwana, involving the ‘Mediterranean Province’, comprises five regional stages (Arenigian, Oretanian, Dobrotivian, Berounian and Kralodvorian) plus the global Tremadocian and Hirnantian. The predominance of shallow‐water taxa in those high‐latitude faunas imposes serious difficulties for correlating the regional succession with the formal global chronostratigraphy because of the almost total absence of the key graptolites and conodonts defining the base of the standard series, stages and stage slices. Instead, the abundant benthic faunas (trilobites, brachiopods, molluscs, echinoderms) of South Gondwanan origin largely dominated in the area from the middle Darriwilian to the late Katian. The poleward faunal migration of originally Avalonian, Baltic, Laurentian and even Asiatic taxa during the Boda Event of global warming progressively ends with the endemicity in the region, where the ensuing benthic assemblages were severely affected by the Hirnantian glaciation. The regional scale significantly improves the precision of correlations between Ordovician strata from SW and central Europe, North Africa and a large part of the Middle East. An updated record of palaeontological data from areas where Mediterranean faunas remain practically unknown, or are still poorly investigated, is also included. Palaeobiogeographical relationships based on the distribution of faunas across South Gondwana are suggested as an improvement for positioning many territories in modern palaeogeographical reconstructions and offer a constructive approach to problems related to the pre‐Variscan and pre‐Alpine orogenic puzzles.

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