Biostatistical Analysis

Baltosser, William H.; Zar, Jerrold H.

doi:10.2307/2265725

Cited by 601 publications

(847 citation statements)

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“…We checked the data for normality, linearity, and absence of multi-collinearity for the purpose of the multivariate analysis, specifically the correlation analysis. The data were generally normally distributed and when they were not, they were log transformed to approximate normality [51]. Multicollinearity was not problematic [52].…”

Section: Data Analyses Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities

Acheampong

Sayer

Macgregor

et al. 2021

Land

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Two-thirds of rural Ghanaians are farmers, and farming is almost the only income source for Ghana’s forest-fringe communities. Some farmers adopt some agricultural practices to augment their operations while others do not. We examined the factors that influence farmers’ adoption and intensity of adoption of agricultural practices, namely, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, improved seeds, animal manure, and crop rotation. We surveyed the agricultural systems and livelihoods of 291 smallholder households in forest-fringe communities and developed a multivariate model (canonical correlation analysis) to test the degree to which social, economic, and institutional factors correlate with adoption and intensity of adoption of the above practices. We found that 35.4% of the farmers do not adopt any of the practices because they perceive them to be expensive, not useful, and difficult to adopt. The rest (64.6%) adopt at least one of the practices to control weeds, pests and diseases, and consequently increase crop yields. Our results indicate that farmers that perceive the aforementioned practices to be more beneficial, cultivate multiple plots, and have access to extension services adopt more of the practices. Farmer age and distance to source of inputs negatively correlate with adoption and intensity of adoption of agricultural practices. Almost two-thirds each of adopters and non-adopters do not have access to agricultural extension services and this could pose threats to the sustainability of the forest reserves within and around which the farmers cultivate. Educating farmers on agricultural practices that are forest-friendly is critical in the forest-fringe communities of Ghana. The correct application of practices could double outputs and minimize threats to forests and biodiversity through land-sparing.

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Section: Data Analyses Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities

Acheampong

Sayer

Macgregor

et al. 2021

Land

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“…This analysis revealed a D(362) = 0.32 p < 0.001 for the HATH; D(362) = 0.21 p < 0.001 for the EANT; and D(344) = 0.09 p < 0.001 for TIBS. However, according to other scientific studies, parametric statistics could be applied in larger sample sizes due to the robustness of these tests, even when there are slight differences in the distribution that do not follow the norms of normality [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to the effect of the sample size calculated for the t-test, the Cohen's d measure is used, which is interpreted considering that d = 0.200 will be a small size, d = 0.50 will be a medium size and d = 0.80 will be a long effect size [63]. The effect of sample size calculated for the ANOVA test is calculated using the eta squared (η p 2 ) which is interpreted considering that η p 2 = 0.01 is a small size, ηp 2 = 0.06 is a medium size and η p 2 = 0.14 is a long effect size [67]. The values of the correlations are considered small from ±0.10 to ±0.29, medium from ±0.30 to ±0.49 and long to perfect from ±0.50 to ±1.00 [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

English Validation of a Short Scale Designed to Detect Negative Attitudes towards Trans People (EANT)

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Negative attitudes towards sexual minorities are widespread in our society. The Scale of Negative Attitudes towards Transgender people (EANT) has been tested in Spanish-speaking countries in order to assess its applicability as a measure of harmful predispositions towards trans individuals. Understanding these predispositions is important because of transformations in the rights of people in terms of respect for gender diversity. (2) Methods: For the validation of this scale, an online survey was developed and distributed to 362 UK university students aged 18 to 45 years (M = 21.43, SD = 3.42). The sample was randomly divided in half, carrying out the exploratory factor analysis for the first 180 students and performing the confirmatory factor analysis for the remaining 182. (3) Results: The validation of this unifactorial instrument in English was obtained, with a high internal consistency (α = 0.810) that suggests high applicability to measuring this construct, as well as showing expected relationships with typical variables (HATH, TIBS, gender, sexual orientation, religion and education). (4) Conclusions: This study assesses attitudinal tendencies and reveals how sexual prejudice is still implicit in our societies and makes the stigmatisation and discrimination of trans people visible. These findings support the development of strategies to tackle these predispositions.

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“…Both viviparous and oviparous males were classified into five stages: (1) immature; (2) developing; (3A) capable of reproducing; (3B) actively spawning; (4) regressing (only for viviparous species) and (4A) resting (only for oviparous species). A Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test was performed in order to investigate possible differences in size between sexes for those species with a sufficient sample number [ 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Ecological Features Update on Eleven Rare Cartilaginous Fish in the Central-Western Mediterranean Sea as a Contribution for Their Conservation

Mulas

Bellodi

Carbonara

et al. 2021

Life

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Cartilaginous fish are commonly recognized as key species in marine ecosystems for their fundamental ecological role as top predators. Nevertheless, effective management plans for cartilaginous fish are still missing, due to the lack of knowledge on their abundance, distribution or even life-history. In this regard, this paper aims at providing new information on the life-history traits, such as age, maturity, reproductive period, in addition to diet characteristics of eleven rare cartilaginous fish inhabiting the Central-Western Mediterranean Sea belonging to the orders Chimaeriformes (Chimaera monstrosa), Hexanchiformes (Heptranchias perlo and Hexanchus griseus), Myliobatiformes (Aetomylaeus bovinus and Myliobatis aquila), Rajiformes (Dipturus nidarosiensis and Leucoraja circularis), Squaliformes (Centrophorus uyato, Dalatias licha and Oxynotus centrina) and Torpediniformes (Tetronarce nobiliana), useful for their assessment and for future management actions. Particularly, the present paper provides for the first time the age estimation of D. nidarosienis and L. circularis which were both found capable of becoming older than ten years. In addition, the present study updates the sizes of first maturity of C. uyato and D. licha, which appeared to be capable of reproducing earlier than what was previously hypothesized, representing very valuable information for a better understanding of these rare species populations status and, eventually, their conservation. On the basis of the stomach content analysis, it was possible to identify five different predator groups.

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Biostatistical Analysis

Cited by 601 publications

References 0 publications

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities

English Validation of a Short Scale Designed to Detect Negative Attitudes towards Trans People (EANT)

Bio-Ecological Features Update on Eleven Rare Cartilaginous Fish in the Central-Western Mediterranean Sea as a Contribution for Their Conservation

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