Biostability analysis for drinking water distribution systems

Using coagulation to restrict microbial re-growth in tap water by phosphate limitation in water treatment

“…To avoid this, several different strategies are adopted to minimize microbial regrowth, which include: (1) disinfection (with residual), (2) UVC treatment, or (3) achieving bio-stability of the water by limiting its nutrient content, primarily carbon [2,3]. However, disinfection by-products will be formed using the first option [4], and the second option offers no sustained bactericidal action [5].…”

Real-time ArcGIS and heterotrophic plate count based chloramine disinfectant control in water distribution system

“…Researchers (Gibbs et al, 1993;LeChevallier, 1990) have stated that organic matter is the main feature that limits microbial growth or regrowth in drinking water. But other studies (Srinivasan and Harrington, 2007;Chandy and Angles, 2001) have indicated that the growth of bacteria in water cannot be controlled by organic matter if carbon resources are abundant and above a threshold level, which was thought to be a low value. LeChevallier (1990) suggested that regrowth of coliform bacteria might be limited by assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels less than 100 mg/L acetate-C. Srinivasan and Harrington (2007) also found that an AOC level significantly lower than 100 mg/L acetate-C was required to control HPC regrowth.…”

“…But other studies (Srinivasan and Harrington, 2007;Chandy and Angles, 2001) have indicated that the growth of bacteria in water cannot be controlled by organic matter if carbon resources are abundant and above a threshold level, which was thought to be a low value. LeChevallier (1990) suggested that regrowth of coliform bacteria might be limited by assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels less than 100 mg/L acetate-C. Srinivasan and Harrington (2007) also found that an AOC level significantly lower than 100 mg/L acetate-C was required to control HPC regrowth. Hem and Efrimsen (2001) proved that the major component of AOC was natural organic matter with molecular weights less than 1000 u, which accounted for 16%e38% of TOC in water.…”

A review research of assimilable organic carbon bioassay

“…Since AOC bioassays were produced by Van der Kooij [1], it has been applied widely in the studies on water treatment (including membrane treatment [40][41][42][43], advanced oxidation process (O 3 ,UV/H 2 O 2 ) [9,44,45], and disinfection reagents [46,47]); water distribution system (including corrosion [13], pipe materials [48], and secondary contamination [11]); and reclaimed water treatment [14,15]; desalination of sea water [16,17] and biological risk [49][50][51] of water. It was in the studies on the regions where microbial growth in drinking waters was regulated by the content of phosphorus, rather than organic carbon [52][53][54] was developed.…”

“…AOC is known as an important indicator for measuring water biostability [5][6][7]. So far, the AOC bioassays have been applied in water treatment [8][9][10], water distribution system [11][12][13], reclaimed water treatment [14,15], and desalination of seawater [16,17], and have propelled the development of studies on water quality analysis.…”