Biosorption of heavy metals by lignocellulosic biomass and chemical analysis

Abstract

Many types of lignocellulosic biomass show effective binding of toxic heavy metals from industrial and environmental effluents. Biosorption is an emerging option for conventional methods to remove heavy metals, some of them with even better efficiencies compared to conventional methods. Raw material for biosorption is typically low-cost and easily available, including agricultural waste or forest residues such as sawdust, bark, or needles. This review concentrates on the accumulation of heavy metals by lignocellulosic biosorbents. Thus far, biosorption has not been economically feasible on a large scale and needs further development for profitability. Industrial-scale wood-based biosorbent applications are especially still lacking. Moreover, due to legislative demands, there is an increasing need for accurate and reliable analytical methods for metal analysis of environmental and industrial effluents. In the future, biosorption processes are likely to become common, and the requirement for environmental monitoring will increase due to ever restricting regulations. This emphasizes not only the need for the development of feasible process solutions, but also a requirement for accurate analytical methods.

Behavior of a Mixture of Metals for Competiting Adsorption Sites of Untreated and Alkali-Treated Rice Husk

“…In the characterization of the rice husk, the percentage of lignin, cellulose, holocellulose, hemicellulose, and ash was determined because these components have a large number of functional groups that intervene in the interaction between the biosorbent (rice husk rice) and heavy metals; therefore, agro-industrial residues containing a high lignin content present better heavy metal sorption properties [38]. Some of the groups that are exposed to these compounds are the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present in hemicellulose and lignin, phenol and carbonyl groups, aliphatic structures, and methoxyl and methylene groups of lignin [39,40].…”

Processes and Challenges for the Manufacturing of Lyocell Fibres with Alternative Agricultural Feedstocks

“…Inorganic materials, including metals, can be present in cellulosic pulps for numerous reasons [39,103]. Plants and trees draw various inorganics from the soil as they grow, and these inorganics get stored within the cell structure [104,105].…”

Heavy Metal Ions(II) Sorption by a Cellulose-Based Sorbent Containing Sulfogroups

“…Therefore, nowadays more and more attention is being paid to the development of new inexpensive and effective ion exchangers. The cellulose-containing sorbents occupy a special place in this particular process [8][9][10]. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents allows a deeper understanding of the essence of the adsorption process as well as an assessment of their effectiveness and suitability for practical use.…”