Biosensors for Klebsiella pneumoniae with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Technique

Abstract

Nosocomial infection is one of the most important problems that occurs in hospitals, as it directly affects susceptible patients or patients with immune deficiency. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is the most common cause of nosocomial infections in hospitals. K. pneumoniae can cause various diseases such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septicemias, and soft tissue infections, and it has also become highly resistant to antibiotics. The principal routes for the transmission of K. pneumoniae are via the gastrointestinal tract and the hands of hospital personnel via healthcare workers, patients, hospital equipment, and interventional procedures. These bacteria can spread rapidly in the hospital environment and tend to cause nosocomial outbreaks. In this research, we developed a MIP-based electrochemical biosensor to detect K. pneumoniae. Quantitative detection was performed using an electrochemical technique to measure the changes in electrical signals in different concentrations of K. pneumoniae ranging from 10 to 105 CFU/mL. Our MIP-based K. pneumoniae sensor was found to achieve a high linear response, with an R2 value of 0.9919. A sensitivity test was also performed on bacteria with a similar structure to that of K. pneumoniae. The sensitivity results show that the MIP-based K. pneumoniae biosensor with a gold electrode was the most sensitive, with a 7.51 (% relative current/log concentration) when compared with the MIP sensor applied with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, where the sensitivity was 2.634 and 2.226, respectively. Our sensor was also able to achieve a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.012 CFU/mL and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.61 CFU/mL.

Staining-Enhanced Peroxidase-Mimicking Gold Nanoparticles in Nano-ELISA for Highly Sensitive Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…A MIP-based electrochemical biosensor was developed to measure the changes in electrical signals in different concentrations of K. pneumoniae ranging from 10 to 10 5 CFU/mL, with a high linear response . Detection of Enterococcus faecalis (G+), K.…”

“…A MIP-based electrochemical biosensor was developed to measure the changes in electrical signals in different concentrations of K. pneumoniae ranging from 10 to 10 5 CFU/mL, with a high linear response. 29 Detection of Enterococcus faecalis (G+), K. pneumoniae (G−), P. aeruginosa (G−), and Candida tropicalis was assessed in the same recognition range from 10 1 to 10 5 CFUs/mL using mastoparan-capped magnetic nanoparticles for electrochemical detection. 30 Furthermore, a study reported a portable in-flow magnetic transduction-based instrument capable of rapid and highly sensitive detection of whole-bacterial cells in complex matrices, providing a Yes/No result with 100% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity for the detection of K. pneumoniae cells in laboratory samples.…”

Updates on developing and applying biosensors for the detection of microorganisms, antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotics: a scoping review

“…Among them, 6 studies were conducted in the United States of America ( 22 – 27 ), 8 studies in China ( 28 – 35 ), while 2 studies were conducted in Canada ( 36 , 37 ) and UK ( 38 , 39 ), respectively. Only 1 study was conducted in Australia ( 40 ), Italy ( 41 ), Spain ( 42 ), France ( 43 ), Switzerland ( 44 ), Thailand ( 45 ) and Turkey ( 46 ), respectively. Across these studies, a diverse array of biosensors was delineated by the authors, with a variety of samples employed for validation.…”

“…Notably, the authors of the encompassed studies characterized their biosensors as: silicon-based biosensors ( 22 , 23 , 25 ); based on nanoscale film on optical fiber ( 26 ); surface plasmon resonance biosensor ( 37 ); sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor ( 35 ); biosensors based on colorimetric assays ( 30 , 32 ) or on new nanocomposite materials ( 43 ); binary deoxyribozyme biosensor ( 27 ); electric and electrochemical biosensors ( 24 , 38 – 41 , 44 – 46 ); electrochemical aptasensor ( 34 ); conventional multiple cross displacement amplification technique combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor ( 29 , 31 , 33 ), ultrasensitive nanophotonic bimodal waveguide interferometer ( 42 ), and biochip systems ( 28 , 36 ). Regarding the specimens employed in biosensor development and/or validation, 9 studies worked on clinical samples (e.g., human serum and urine samples) ( 22 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 44 , 46 ), while 13 on bacterial samples ( 23 , 24 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 39 – 43 , 45 ). Three studies used both clinical and bacterial samples ( 27 , 31 , 34 ).…”

Electrochemical DNA-Based Sensor for the Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Prominent Causal Agent of Urinary Tract Infections

“…However, these methods tend to be expensive, require expertise, and can be time-consuming to reveal the pathogens. They are primarily utilized in laboratory settings and are not easily operated at home (Pintavirooj et al 2022). Considering the high spread and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, it is essential to incorporate advanced technologies to effectively combat this infection.…”