Biosensors for Detection of Human Placental Pathologies: A Review of Emerging Technologies and Current Trends

Liu, Jia; Mosavati, Babak; Oleinikov, Andrew V.; Du, E.

doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.002

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 335 publications

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“…To study placenta, in vivo [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], ex vivo [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and in vitro [ 17 ] models have been developed. In vivo investigations using animal models have encountered challenges in direct transferring the results from animals to humans due to difference in placenta anatomy [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Organ-on-a-Chip-Device for Study of Placental Pathologies

Mosavati

Oleinikov

2020

IJMS

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The human placenta plays a key role in reproduction and serves as a major interface for maternofetal exchange of nutrients. Study of human placenta pathology presents a great experimental challenge because it is not easily accessible. In this paper, a 3D placenta-on-a-chip model is developed by bioengineering techniques to simulate the placental interface between maternal and fetal blood in vitro. In this model, trophoblasts cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells are cultured on the opposite sides of a porous polycarbonate membrane, which is sandwiched between two microfluidic channels. Glucose diffusion across this barrier is analyzed under shear flow conditions. Meanwhile, a numerical model of the 3D placenta-on-a-chip model is developed. Numerical results of concentration distributions and the convection–diffusion mass transport is compared to the results obtained from the experiments for validation. Finally, effects of flow rate and membrane porosity on glucose diffusion across the placental barrier are studied using the validated numerical model. The placental model developed here provides a potentially helpful tool to study a variety of other processes at the maternal–fetal interface, for example, effects of drugs or infections like malaria on transport of various substances across the placental barrier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Organ-on-a-Chip-Device for Study of Placental Pathologies

Mosavati

Oleinikov

2020

IJMS

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“…The experimental setup described herein allows the user to control the inlet and outlet flow rate in order to adjust the separation efficiency of the system during operation. The separation efficiency and cell loss rate were determined at four different cell concentrations (5,10,15, and 20 × 10 6 cells mL −1 ), and at inlet flow rates of both 500 to 1300 µL min −1 . Higher inlet flow rates led to an increased separation efficiency of over 95%, even at up to 20 × 10 6 cells mL −1 at outlet flow rates of up to 260 µL min −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microfluidic systems in biology and biochemistry are often focused on combining several lab procedures into a single system, thereby creating a so-called lab-on-a-chip [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Significant attention has recently been given to adherent cell cultivation on microfluidic systems in the field of organ-on-a-chip, with the aim of furthering technological advances for medical testing and research [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The unique physical environment that is created inside microfluidic channels allows for a high degree of fluid control and facilitates interesting and frequently useful particle−fluid interactions—which can then be exploited for cell handling purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Microfluidic Spiral Separation Device for Continuous, Pulsation-Free and Controllable CHO Cell Retention

2021

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The development of continuous bioprocesses—which require cell retention systems in order to enable longer cultivation durations—is a primary focus in the field of modern process development. The flow environment of microfluidic systems enables the granular manipulation of particles (to allow for greater focusing in specific channel regions), which in turn facilitates the development of small continuous cell separation systems. However, previously published systems did not allow for separation control. Additionally, the focusing effect of these systems requires constant, pulsation-free flow for optimal operation, which cannot be achieved using ordinary peristaltic pumps. As described in this paper, a 3D printed cell separation spiral for CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary) cells was developed and evaluated optically and with cell experiments. It demonstrated a high separation efficiency of over 95% at up to 20 × 106 cells mL−1. Control over inlet and outlet flow rates allowed the operator to adjust the separation efficiency of the device while in use—thereby enabling fine control over cell concentration in the attached bioreactors. In addition, miniaturized 3D printed buffer devices were developed that can be easily attached directly to the separation unit for usage with peristaltic pumps while simultaneously almost eradicating pump pulsations. These custom pulsation dampeners were closely integrated with the separator spiral lowering the overall dead volume of the system. The entire device can be flexibly connected directly to bioreactors, allowing continuous, pulsation-free cell retention and process operation.

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“…Although microfluidic technologies reduce the required materials and costs compared with other culture systems, the use of small volumes could represent a limitation in the detection sensitivity of analytes. To overcome this, the integration of biosensor technologies can enhance sensing capabilities and analysis of real-time responses in on-a-chip placental models, facilitating studies on drug response and placental development [ 83 ]. Biosensors are analytic devices that comprise a biological sensing element connected to a transducer capable of providing a measurable signal.…”

Section: Engineering An Ideal Human Placenta-on-a-chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Human Placental Interface In Vitro—A Review

2021

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Acting as the primary link between mother and fetus, the placenta is involved in regulating nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange; thus, healthy placental development is crucial for a successful pregnancy. In line with the increasing demands of the fetus, the placenta evolves throughout pregnancy, making it a particularly difficult organ to study. Research into placental development and dysfunction poses a unique scientific challenge due to ethical constraints and the differences in morphology and function that exist between species. Recently, there have been increased efforts towards generating in vitro models of the human placenta. Advancements in the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), microfluidics, and bioprinting have each contributed to the development of new models, which can be designed to closely match physiological in vivo conditions. By including relevant placental cell types and control over the microenvironment, these new in vitro models promise to reveal clues to the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and facilitate drug testing across the maternal–fetal interface. In this minireview, we aim to highlight current in vitro placental models and their applications in the study of disease and discuss future avenues for these in vitro models.

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Biosensors for Detection of Human Placental Pathologies: A Review of Emerging Technologies and Current Trends

Cited by 26 publications

References 335 publications

Development of an Organ-on-a-Chip-Device for Study of Placental Pathologies

Development of an Organ-on-a-Chip-Device for Study of Placental Pathologies

3D Printed Microfluidic Spiral Separation Device for Continuous, Pulsation-Free and Controllable CHO Cell Retention

Modelling the Human Placental Interface In Vitro—A Review

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