Biosensors and their applications – A review

Abstract

The various types of biosensors such as enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, thermal and piezoelectric biosensors have been deliberated here to highlight their indispensable applications in multitudinous fields. Some of the popular fields implementing the use of biosensors are food industry to keep a check on its quality and safety, to help distinguish between the natural and artificial; in the fermentation industry and in the saccharification process to detect precise glucose concentrations; in metabolic engineering to enable in vivo monitoring of cellular metabolism. Biosensors and their role in medical science including early stage detection of human interleukin-10 causing heart diseases, rapid detection of human papilloma virus, etc. are important aspects. Fluorescent biosensors play a vital role in drug discovery and in cancer. Biosensor applications are prevalent in the plant biology sector to find out the missing links required in metabolic processes. Other applications are involved in defence, clinical sector, and for marine applications.

Application of Electrochemical Methods in Biosensing Technologies

“…Most used are molecular techniques recognizing BWAs markers, more preferably nucleic acid-based than antibody-based due to higher sensitivity and specificity. An example is detection of genomic DNA of HPV virus by modified surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor [36].…”

Mn-Doped ZnSe Quantum Dots as Fluorimetric Mercury Sensor

“…The optical properties measured can be absorbance, reflectance, luminescence, light polarization, Raman and others. Optical sensors have found many applications in various fields, including biomedical, clinical, environmental monitoring and process controlling [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. They are an attractive analytical tool, whenever continuous monitoring and real-time information is desired.…”

Graphene based biosensors—Accelerating medical diagnostics to new-dimensions

“…to quickly, accurately, and reliably detect analyte molecules for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, defense, and food industry. [1][2][3][4][5] Integrating nanotechnology with biosensors has a huge potential over conventional methods, including high-throughput screening, low limit of detection (LOD), real-time analysis, label-free detection and less sample volume requirement to be analyzed, among others. In the quest toward biosensors, different nanomaterials in conjugation with biological molecules have been proposed and investigated due to their quantum size effect.…”