Biosensor system-on-a-chip including CMOS-based signal processing circuits and 64 carbon nanotube-based sensors for the detection of a neurotransmitter

Abstract

We developed a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensor system-on-a-chip (SoC) for the detection of a neurotransmitter. Here, 64 CNT-based sensors were integrated with silicon-based signal processing circuits in a single chip, which was made possible by combining several technological breakthroughs such as efficient signal processing, uniform CNT networks, and biocompatible functionalization of CNT-based sensors. The chip was utilized to detect glutamate, a neurotransmitter, where ammonia, a byproduct of the enzymatic reaction of glutamate and glutamate oxidase on CNT-based sensors, modulated the conductance signals to the CNT-based sensors. This is a major technological advancement in the integration of CNT-based sensors with microelectronics, and this chip can be readily integrated with larger scale lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems for various applications such as LoC systems for neural networks.

Nanoscale hybrid systems based on carbon nanotubes for biological sensing and control

“…During the last decades, CNT-based nanoscale hybrid systems have been intensively studied for biological interface applications [7–9]. For example recent advances of versatile nanofabrication methods such as surface-programmed assembly enable the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective biosensors at nanoscale [7,10,11].…”

“…For example recent advances of versatile nanofabrication methods such as surface-programmed assembly enable the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective biosensors at nanoscale [7,10,11]. CNT-based biosensors functionalized with biomolecules, such as enzyme, antibody and olfactory receptor, can detect target molecules at a femto-molar concentration with the benefit of biocompatibility [12–14].…”

From Wearable Sensors to Smart Implants-–Toward Pervasive and Personalized Healthcare

“…It is also not uncommon to carry out post-processing to deposit biochemical sensing elements on top of ASICs [51]. Example applications of biochemical sensor integration include "on-chip" sensors for DNA detection, as well as neurotransmitter and proteomic measurements through on-chip sensing microstructures such as nanowires and carbon nanotubes [52][53][54]. The signal transduction process for DNA detection involves immobilised oligonucleotides on a metal surface (e.g.…”

Synthesis of multi-layer graphene films on silica using physical vapour deposition

“…The synthesis of graphene device layers on CMOS compatible substrates is advantageous for an increasing number of applications, including dye-sensitized solar cells [1], super capacitors [2], biosensors [3], nano-electronics [4] and batteries [5]. Large areas of graphene (up to 1 cm 2 ) have been grown on metallic templating surfaces such as copper [6].…”