Biosensor Recognition Elements

Chambers, James P.; Arulanandam, Bernard P.; Matta, Leann Lerie; Weis, Alex; Valdés, James J.

doi:10.21775/cimb.010.001

Cited by 66 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Enzymes are catalytic proteins that accelerate chemical reactions, and enzyme binding sites are typically highly selective for their preferred substrates (Figure a). , Enzymatic electrochemical biosensors are some of the most prevalent in point-of-care systems due to the widespread use of the electrochemical glucose sensor in blood sugar monitoring devices. , Because of their ability both to bind and to convert substrates, enzymes have been applied in the direct electrochemical detection of their target substrates and as a method of signal amplification following binding. , Both direct enzymatic methods and enzyme-linked methods have been used to detect pathogenic bacteria, and several enzymes, including horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx), have been ubiquitously applied as signal amplifiers in electrochemical sensors . However, challenges remain in the broad implementation of enzyme-based sensors due to the high cost of protein production and the instability of enzymes, especially following immobilization on a surface.…”

Section: Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification involves increasing the effect of a single ligand, generally through the release of multiple signaling molecules for each ligand binding event. Integration involves the incorporation of a ligand binding event into a more complicated biochemical pathway …”

Section: Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because receptors are capable of both receiving and sending information, they are especially attractive as biosensor components, though no sensors have currently been published that take advantage of both functions of these receptors. However, the expression and purification of these proteins can be exceptionally challenging due to the presence of a hydrophobic transmembrane segment that is usually stabilized by the cell membrane …”

Section: Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impedance-Based Detection of Bacteria

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Pathogenic bacteria have always posed one of the most serious threats to public health, and continue to be especially dangerous with the rise in antibiotic resistance. The prevalence of these infectious agents necessitates rapid, point-of-care sensors for their detection, identification, and monitoring. Electrochemical sensors are promising for the low-cost monitoring of bacterial growth and the detection of specific microbial species due to the consistency and ease-of-use of impedance measurements. Though the commercialization of these sensors is currently limited, they offer significant promise for detecting pathogens from real-world environments.

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Section: Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biorecognition Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impedance-Based Detection of Bacteria

2018

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Section: Overview Of Detection Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies

et al. 2018

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Although a fundamental understanding of the pathogenicity of most biothreat agents has been elucidated and available treatments have increased substantially over the past decades, they still represent a significant public health threat in this age of (bio)terrorism, indiscriminate warfare, pollution, climate change, unchecked population growth, and globalization. The key step to almost all prevention, protection, prophylaxis, post-exposure treatment, and mitigation of any bioagent is early detection. Here, we review available methods for detecting bioagents including pathogenic bacteria and viruses along with their toxins. An introduction placing this subject in the historical context of previous naturally occurring outbreaks and efforts to weaponize selected agents is first provided along with definitions and relevant considerations. An overview of the detection technologies that find use in this endeavor along with how they provide data or transduce signal within a sensing configuration follows. Current "gold" standards for biothreat detection/diagnostics along with a listing of relevant FDA approved in vitro diagnostic devices is then discussed to provide an overview of the current state of the art. Given the 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus in Western Africa and the recent 2016 spread of Zika virus in the Americas, discussion of what constitutes a public health emergency and how new in vitro diagnostic devices are authorized for emergency use in the U.S. are also included. The majority of the Review is then subdivided around the sensing of bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreats with each including an overview of the major agents in that class, a detailed cross-section of different sensing methods in development based on assay format or analytical technique, and some discussion of related microfluidic lab-on-a-chip/point-of-care devices. Finally, an outlook is given on how this field will develop from the perspective of the biosensing technology itself and the new emerging threats they may face.

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“…Moreover, areas of the surface not covered by receptors are susceptible to unspecific binding of the sample matrix molecules. All of this results in reduced sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and an overall lack of performance. ,, For single molecule detection concepts such as digital ELISA and digital PCR, these issues become even more prominent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Bioreceptor Spatial Distribution at the Nanoscale for Single Molecule Counting in Microwell Arrays

et al. 2019

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The ability to detect low concentrations of protein biomarkers is crucial for the early-stage detection of many diseases, and therefore indispensable for improving diagnostic devices for healthcare. Here, we demonstrate that by integrating DNA nanotechnologies like DNA origami and aptamers we can design innovative biosensing concepts for reproducible and sensitive detection of specific targets. DNA origami structures decorated with aptamers were studied as a novel tool to structure the biosensor surface with nanoscale precision in a digital detection bioassay, enabling control of the density, orientation and accessibility of the bioreceptor to optimize the interaction between target and aptamer. DNA origami was used to control the spatial distribution of an in-house generated aptamer on superparamagnetic microparticles, resulting in an origami-linked digital aptamer bioassay to detect the main peanut antigen Ara h1 with 2-fold improved signal to noise ratio and 15-fold improved limit of detection compared to a digital bioassay without DNA origami. Moreover, the sensitivity achieved was 4 orders of magnitude higher than commercially available and literature-reported ELISA techniques. In conclusion, this novel and innovative approach to engineer biosensing interfaces will be of major interest to scientists and clinicians looking for new molecular insights and ultrasensitive detection of a broad range of targets, and, for the next generation of diagnostics.

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Biosensor Recognition Elements

Cited by 66 publications

References 74 publications

Impedance-Based Detection of Bacteria

Impedance-Based Detection of Bacteria

Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies

Controlling the Bioreceptor Spatial Distribution at the Nanoscale for Single Molecule Counting in Microwell Arrays

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