“…In contrast with this instrumentation approach, other solutions aim at partially or totally retaining cell phone ubiquity by excluding electronic interfacing and employing either reusable accessories (Breslauer et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2013;Vashist et al, 2014;Mudanyali et al, 2012;Switz et al, 2014;Potyrailo, 2013; http://holomic.com) or disposable devices (Matinez et al, 2008a;Preechaburana et al, 2012aPreechaburana et al, , 2014Preechaburana et al, , 2015Comina et al, 2015a) to complement cell phones for biosensing and chemical detection. These techniques dominantly exploit optical coupling to cell phone cameras, which represents a universally available resource across phone models, brands and operating systems.…”