Biosafety of human environments can be supported by effective use of renewable biomass

Abstract

Preventing pathogenic viral and bacterial transmission in the human environment is critical, especially in potential outbreaks that may be caused by the release of ancient bacteria currently trapped in the permafrost. Existing commercial disinfectants present issues such as a high carbon footprint. This study proposes a sustainable alternative, a bioliquid derived from biomass prepared by hydrothermal liquefaction. Results indicate a high inactivation rate of pathogenic virus and bacteria by the as-prepared bioliquid, such as up to 99.99% for H1N1, H5N1, H7N9 influenza A virus, and Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores and 99.49% for Bacillus anthracis. Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed that low-molecular-weight and low-polarity compounds in bioliquid are potential antibacterial components. High temperatures promoted the production of antibacterial substances via depolymerization and dehydration reactions. Moreover, bioliquid was innoxious as confirmed by the rabbit skin test, and the cost per kilogram of the bioliquid was $0.04427, which is notably lower than that of commercial disinfectants. This study demonstrates the potential of biomass to support our biosafety with greater environmental sustainability.

Static Aerated Composting of African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Swine Carcasses with Rice Hulls and Sawdust

“…Also, aeration facilitates the proliferation of innate microorganisms present in compost feedstocks that can compete or act as predators of pathogens in compost [ 30 ]. Another explanation for the slower inactivation of ASFv using sawdust is the presence of natural compounds, such as polyphenols, which can inhibit aerobic microbial activities [ 31 ]. Alternatively, a study by Erickson et al [ 32 ] suggested that phenolics produced during the degradation of lignin influenced pathogen inactivation in compost.…”

Ground-Breaking and Safe Recycling of Hazardous Hyperaccumulators

“…The capillary column-introduced voltage was 3.8 kV, and the accumulating time was 0.06 s. The signal-to-noise ratio was enhanced by accumulating 300 scans. Then, the statistics were analyzed to calculate the intensity weighted average values of O/C, H/C, DBE, and m / z for observing the transformation of the main chemical component of the samples. , …”

“…Then, the statistics were analyzed to calculate the intensity weighted average values of O/C, H/C, DBE, and m/z for observing the transformation of the main chemical component of the samples. 24,25 As for gaseous products, the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) (PerkinElmer Clarus 580) to identify the composition. The proportion and volume of smallmolecule gases (such as H 2 , CO, CO 2 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , and C 3 H 8 ) were calculated to investigate the relationship between the FJH input power and the component changes.…”

Diluted Bitumen: Physicochemical Properties, Weathering Processes, Emergency Response, and Recovery

“…In order to increase the economic viability, some researchers attempted to use the aqueous phase for microalgae cultivation or recycle the aqueous phase back to the HTL process with the aim to increase biocrude yield/quality (Chen et al, 2022). Recently, the aqueous phase has been reported to exhibit antibacteria/virus activities (Yu et al, 2022). A process intensification technique, microwave irradiation, was also applied for HTL biocrude production (Yang et al, 2020b).…”