Biosafety in Embryos and Semen Cryopreservation, Storage, Management and Transport

Bielański, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_17

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…To evaluate the antibiotic role, we included them in the medium during embryo culture. As proposed by Bielanski [7], our SEM imaging shows that in embryos that were infected, the microorganism remained firmly adhered to the surface after the vitrification procedure, which could have consequences in terms of microorganism spreading. Therefore, antibiotics are required for further embryo development, as they prevent bacterial growth and culture media contamination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The risk of infection of germplasm stored in a biobank has received a high degree of attention [7,13]. In this sense, the risk of contamination of liquid nitrogen by common environmental pathogens has been widely described [4,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disease transmission has been described during cryopreservation procedures [5,6]. The origin of the microbial infection can be both systemic and local infections of the reproductive tract, as well as the inadvertent introduction of microorganisms during germplasm processing [7]. Several critical factors may influence the contamination of embryos with pathogens during cryopreservation, including the integrity of the embryonic pellucid zone, the cooling method, loading, and sealing of the freezing container, and the sterility of the liquid nitrogen and the Dewar storage container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evidence Reveals Both Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination Risk of Embryo Storage in Liquid Nitrogen Biobanks

Marín

García‐Domínguez

Montoro-Dasi

et al. 2020

Animals

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In recent decades, gamete and embryo cryopreservation have become routine procedures in livestock and human assisted reproduction. However, the safe storage of germplasm and the prevention of disease transmission continue to be potential hazards of disease transmission through embryo transfer. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential risk of cross-infection of embryos from contaminated liquid nitrogen, and cross-contamination of sterile liquid nitrogen from infected embryos in naked and closed devices. Additionally, we examined the effects of antibiotic-free media on culture development of infected embryos. The study was a laboratory-based analysis using rabbit as a model. Two experiments were performed to evaluate both cross-infection (liquid nitrogen to embryos) and cross-contamination (embryos to liquid nitrogen) of artificially inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. Rapid cooling through vitrification was conducted on rabbit embryos, stored for a year, thawed, and cultured. In vivo produced late morulae–early blastocyst stages (72 h) embryos were used (n = 480). Embryos were cultured for 1 h in solutions with and without pathogens. Then, the embryos were vitrified and stored in naked and closed devices for one year in two liquid nitrogen biobanks (one pathogen-free and the other artificially contaminated). Embryos were warmed and cultured for a further 48 h, assessing the development and the presence of microorganism (chromogenic media, scanning electron microscopy). Embryos stored in naked devices in artificially contaminated liquid nitrogen became infected (12.5%), while none of the embryos stored in closed devices were infected. Meanwhile, storage of artificially infected embryos incurred liquid nitrogen biobank contamination (100%). Observations by scanning electron microscopy revealed that all the microorganisms were caught in the surface of embryos after the vitrification-thawed procedure. Nevertheless, embryos cultured in antibiotics and antimycotic medium developed to the hatched blastocyst stage, while artificially infected embryos cultured in antibiotic-free medium failed to develop. In conclusion, our findings support that both cross-contamination and cross-infection during embryo storage in liquid nitrogen biobanks are plausible. So, to ensure biosafety for the cryogenic storage, closed systems that avoid direct contact with liquid nitrogen must be used. Moreover, it seems essential to provide best practice guidelines for the cryogenic preservation and storage of gametes and embryos, to define appropriate quality and risk management procedures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evidence Reveals Both Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination Risk of Embryo Storage in Liquid Nitrogen Biobanks

Marín

García‐Domínguez

Montoro-Dasi

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…It has been well documented that unsterilized commercial LN 2 possibly carries microorganisms which increase the risk of transmission and propagation of diseases. A large variety of bacterial, viral and fungal species has been found in liquid nitrogen [54][55][56][57]. Common bacterial contaminants include Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus sciuri, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Flavobacterium spp.…”

Section: Vitrified Specimen Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore understandable that closed carriers as used in conventional freezing show lower incidence of contamination in comparison to open ones. Cryoloop, a widely used device in which the specimen is directly submerged into LN 2 , generates considerable vitrification effects at the expense of severe sample contamination [55]. As using a closed carrier in the vitrification process is not always feasible, evidence has shown that using liquid nitrogen vapor, instead of LN 2 itself, to store human sperm samples can lower the risk of viral cross-contamination [70].…”

Section: Contamination Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human sperm vitrification: the state of the art

Tao

Sanger

Saewu

et al. 2020

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Sperm cryopreservation has been widely used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) and has resulted in millions of live births. Two principal approaches have been adopted: conventional (slow) freezing and vitrification. As a traditional technique, slow freezing has been successfully employed and widely used at ART clinics whereas the latter, a process to solidify liquid into an amorphous or glassy state, may become a faster alternative method of sperm cryopreservation with significant benefits in regard to simple equipment and applicability to fertility centers. Sperm vitrification has its own limitations. Firstly, small volume of load is usually plunged to liquid nitrogen to achieve high cooling rate, which makes large volume sample cryopreservation less feasible. Secondly, direct contact with liquid nitrogen increases the potential risk of contamination. Recently, new carriers have been developed to facilitate improved control over the volume and speed, and new strategies have been implemented to minimize the contamination risk. In summary, although sperm vitrification has not yet been applied in routine sperm cryopreservation, its potential as a standard procedure is growing.

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Recent Advances in Fertility Preservation and Genome Resource Banking for Rare and Endangered Animal Species

Comizzoli,

Holt

2024

Cryopreservation in Assisted Reproduction

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Biosafety in Embryos and Semen Cryopreservation, Storage, Management and Transport

Cited by 19 publications

References 156 publications

Experimental Evidence Reveals Both Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination Risk of Embryo Storage in Liquid Nitrogen Biobanks

Experimental Evidence Reveals Both Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination Risk of Embryo Storage in Liquid Nitrogen Biobanks

Human sperm vitrification: the state of the art

Recent Advances in Fertility Preservation and Genome Resource Banking for Rare and Endangered Animal Species

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