Bioresorbable Pressure Sensor and Its Applications in Abnormal Respiratory Event Identification

Abstract

Bioresorbable electronics that can be absorbed and become a part of the organism after their service life are becoming a trend to avoid secondary invasive surgery. However, the sustainable and secure supply of energy for biosensors is a significant challenge. Here, a bioresorbable pressure sensor (BPS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator is reported. The BPS based on the triboelectric nanogenerator can directly convert ambient pressure changes into electrical signals. It offers excellent sensitivity (22.61 mV/mmHg), linearity (R 2 = 0.99), and good durability (850,000 cycles). The bioresorbable materials of poly(lactic acid)/ chitosan/sodium alginate in the BPS show great biocompatibility and can achieve 99.99% sterilization for both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the device can successfully identify an abnormal respiratory event in small animals and will be completely degraded after 21 days. The BPS only employs medical materials used commonly in FDA-approved implants, which is crucial for the biosafety of bioresorbable devices. Triboelectric devices are expected to be applied in the clinic as bioresorbable electronics.

Natural Polysaccharide Film-Based Triboelectric Sensor for Fruit Transportation Collision Monitoring

“…The N–H stretching vibration band around 3300 cm –1 is overlapped with the hydroxyl (−OH) stretching vibration band due to hydrogen bonding, forming a broadband. Furthermore, due to CS’s deacetylation degree exceeding 95%, the absorption bands corresponding to amides I and III at 1647 and 1327 cm –1 are weak . With the addition of MCC, the N–H bending vibration absorption band is enhanced and shifted to lower wavenumbers, possibly due to strong interactions between MCC and the amino groups in CS .…”

“…Furthermore, due to CS's deacetylation degree exceeding 95%, the absorption bands corresponding to amides I and III at 1647 and 1327 cm −1 are weak. 49 With the addition of MCC, the N−H bending vibration absorption band is enhanced and shifted to lower wavenumbers, possibly due to strong interactions between MCC and the amino groups in CS. 49 Moreover, the overlapping bands of −OH stretching and N−H stretching vibrations in the MCC/CS composite film become broader and shift to lower wavenumbers.…”

“…49 With the addition of MCC, the N−H bending vibration absorption band is enhanced and shifted to lower wavenumbers, possibly due to strong interactions between MCC and the amino groups in CS. 49 Moreover, the overlapping bands of −OH stretching and N−H stretching vibrations in the MCC/CS composite film become broader and shift to lower wavenumbers. These results indicate enhanced hydrogen bonding between MCC and CS, suggesting good compatibility between the two components.…”

Advances in Bioresorbable Materials and Electronics

“…Other mechanisms for pressure sensing include the triboelectric effect, achieved with bioresorbable materials. A basic device contains a pair of electrodes (Mg or Fe) and a triboelectric material (PLA–chitosan or PLA–chitosan–sodium alginate). , An air gap separates the triboelectric layer and one of the two electrodes. Contact between them generates static polarized charges due to contact electrification.…”

Hierarchically Structured MXene Nanosheets on Carbon Sponges with a Synergistic Effect of Electrostatic Adsorption and Capillary Action for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors

“…Electronic skin (e-skin) emulates the tactile functionalities of human skin, − allowing for multiple sensing capabilities such as strain, , vibration, pressure, and temperature. As a result, this technology holds vast potential in applications such as smart robotics, prosthetics, human–machine interfaces, − and wearable medical systems. , The ideal electronic skin should possess multifunctional sensing capabilities, which means that it should be able to detect different types of stimuli simultaneously. In particular, an e-skin that can simultaneously sense pressure and temperature is important for self-protection, touch recognition, , and object manipulation.…”