Bioresorbable Electronic Stent Integrated with Therapeutic Nanoparticles for Endovascular Diseases

Abstract

Implantable endovascular devices such as bare metal, drug eluting, and bioresorbable stents have transformed interventional care by providing continuous structural and mechanical support to many peripheral, neural, and coronary arteries affected by blockage. Although effective in achieving immediate restoration of blood flow, the long-term re-endothelialization and inflammation induced by mechanical stents are difficult to diagnose or treat. Here we present nanomaterial designs and integration strategies for the bioresorbable electronic stent with drug-infused functionalized nanoparticles to enable flow sensing, temperature monitoring, data storage, wireless power/data transmission, inflammation suppression, localized drug delivery, and hyperthermia therapy. In vivo and ex vivo animal experiments as well as in vitro cell studies demonstrate the previously unrecognized potential for bioresorbable electronic implants coupled with bioinert therapeutic nanoparticles in the endovascular system.

Fully Printed, Wireless, Stretchable Implantable Biosystem toward Batteryless, Real‐Time Monitoring of Cerebral Aneurysm Hemodynamics

“…The practical use of these sensors heavily depends on their wireless monitoring capabilities and manufacturing reliability and scalability. [5] Other studies have developed miniaturized sensors for integration with stents or wrapping around the blood vessel, but have readout distances insufficient for practical applications. The next class of implantable electronics will rely on highly stretchable and flexible forms while also offering wireless operation without the use of rigid electrical components.…”

Protein-Based Bioelectronics

“…As a result, controlled degradability is essential to bioresorbable electronics. 94 For example, increasing silk content and encapsulating the electronic device in silk material allowed for more control over degradation. 95 Over time, the device was wirelessly controlled for delivery of antibiotics.…”

Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics

“…These devices are capable of intimate contact with soft, curvilinear tissues that also possess transient characteristics, paving the way for key potential improvements to human healthcare. Further, these devices facilitate continued biomedical research, for instance, soft miniaturized optoelectronic systems for wireless optogenetics, and bioresorbable electronic stents integrated with therapeutic nanoparticles to treat endovascular diseases . Despite the great progress in implantable bioelectronics with miniaturized, flexible and bioresorbable features toward clinical standards, autonomous devices with desirable power solutions remain one of the biggest challenges to achieve remote sensing, communication and treatments in a continuous mode.…”