Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes Using Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Abstract

Advanced agronomic methods, urbanisation, and industrial expansion contaminate air, water and soil, globally. Agricultural and industrial activities threaten living biota, causing biodiversity loss and serious diseases. Strategies such as bioremediation and physiochemical remediation have not been effectively beneficial at treating pollutants. Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) such as copper, zinc, silver, gold, etc., in various nanoformulations and nanocomposites are used more and more as they effectively resist the uptake of toxic compounds via plants by facilitating their immobilisation. According to studies, bio-based NP synthesis is a recent and agroecologically friendly approach for remediating environmental waste, which is effective against carcinogens, heavy metal contamination, treating marine water polluted with excessive concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen and harmful algae, and hazardous dye- and pesticide-contaminated water. Biogenic resources such as bacteria, fungi, algae and plants are extensively used for the biosynthesis of NPs, particularly metallic NPs. Strategies involving green synthesis of NPs are nontoxic and could be employed for commercial scale production. Here, the focus is on the green synthesis of NPs for reduction of hazardous wastes to help with the clean-up process.

Gold Nanoparticles Bioproduced in Cyanobacteria in the Initial Phase Opened an Avenue for the Discovery of Corresponding Cerium Nanoparticles

“…The possible mechanisms for remediating organic or inorganic contaminations include adsorption by nanoparticles or oxidation reactions with them [ 11 ]. Harmful algae-contaminated waters and wastewater polluted with pesticides or dyes can be remediated agroecologically by using biogenic NPs without further burdening natural biota [ 12 ]. The production of non-toxic, surface-functionalized, and monodisperse NPs using microorganisms enables excellent therapeutic applications, such as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging scans, biomarkers, cell labeling, drug and gene delivery, wound healing, and the treatment of cancer or pathogenic infections [ 13 ].…”

“…The possible mechanisms for remediating organic or inorganic contaminations include adsorption by nanoparticles or oxidation reactions with them [11]. Harmful algae-contaminated waters and wastewater polluted with pesticides or dyes can be remediated agroecologically by using biogenic NPs without further burdening natural biota [12]. The production of non-toxic, surface-functionalized, and monodisperse NPs using microorganisms enables Anabaena sp.…”