Bioremediation of bisphenol A found in industrial wastewater using Trametes versicolor (TV) laccase nanoemulsion‐based bead organogel in packed bed reactor

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the toxic chemicals, which is widely used for manufacturing epoxy, polyester resin, and polycarbonates. These materials are extensively used in manufacturing of reusable bottles, baby bottles, dental sealants, various medical devices, and so forth. Moreover, canned and packaged foods are sources of bisphenol A, which is unknowingly consumed by many people worldwide. Its endocrine disrupting and teratogenic properties impose potential risk to the wildlife and human health. BPA has been linked to reproductive, metabolic, and immunity disorders in humans. Regardless of BPA ban in reusable and baby bottles, annually, 15 billion pounds of BPA still being produced. BPA pollution and its cleanup are major challenges. Therefore, it is essential to develop a suitable strategy to bioremediate BPA. The Trametes versicolor (TV) laccase‐based nanoemulsion calcium alginate bead organogel was able to transform 94% of BPA within 2 h of treatment. Organogel showed 60% of BPA removal from actual industrial wastewater in packed bed batch reactor and 67% of BPA removal in continuous flow packed bed reactor. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) of treated industrial effluent was 14 mg/L, which is very much less than untreated effluent's BOD, which was 48 mg/L. The chemical oxygen demand of industrial effluent was 1240 mg/ml, and treated effluent was 248 mg/L, respectively. Hence, application of nanoemulsion‐based organogel in packed bed reactor found to be a potential candidate for the bioremediation of industrial effluent containing BPA. Practitioner Points The TV laccase‐based nanoemulsion calcium alginate bead organogel was able to transform 94% of BPA. Organogel showed 67% of BPA removal from industrial wastewater in continuous flow packed bed reactor. The nanoemulsion‐based organogel in packed bed reactor found to be potential candidate for the bioremediation of industrial effluent containing BPA.

Immobilized‐laccase bioreactors for wastewater treatment

“…Trivedi and Chhaya (2022) prepared a laccase nanoemulsion with a commercial laccase from T. versicolor , the surfactant sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate and the organic solvent 2,2,4‐trimethylpentane (isooctane). [ 30 ] Then, this laccase nanoemulsion was encapsulated in alginate beads and the produced biocatalysts were tested for the removal of the endocrine disruptor BPA. They found that the immobilized laccase was able to remove 94% of BPA in a packed‐bed reactor operating at a flow rate of 15 mL h −1 and a HRT of 2 h. In addition, 60% and 67% of BPA (200 mg L −1 ), from a real industrial effluent, were removed in a packed‐bed reactor (150 mg of beads and 50 mL of BPA solution) operating in batch and continuous mode, respectively, in 4 h of reaction time.…”

In situ encapsulation of laccase in mesoporous amorphous ZIF‐8 for Reactive Blue 19 removal

“…In recent years, the biological enzyme method captivated the interest of researchers due to its advantages, including higher removal efficiency (Sharma et al, 2018) and lower toxic byproducts (Wen et al, 2019). Laccase, a copper polyphenol oxidase, transfers electrons at copper sites (type 1 [T1], type 2 [T2], and double type 3 [T3]) and generates low‐molecular‐weight free radicals to oxidize aromatic compounds such as phenols, polyamines, and dyes (Barrios‐Estrada et al, 2018; Trivedi & Chhaya, 2022). Although laccase with substrate non‐specificity is particularly effective in pollutant degradation under laboratory conditions, its practical application on an industrial scale is limited due to its poor stability and reusability (Bernal et al, 2018; Mokhtar et al, 2019).…”