Abstract:Abstract:Conventional water treatment processes use aluminium sulphate (alum) as a coagulant in the production of potable water. While alum is an inexpensive and reliable means of treating water, the process generates waste water containing dissolved Al. This waste water is primarily dealt with via on-site retention. In this study we investigate the cultivation of the freshwater macroalga Oedogonium as a means to sequester dissolved Al from waste water from a conventional water treatment plant. Furthermore, we… Show more
“…This process is aimed at reducing the concentration of suspended solids (SS) and non-settling colloidal particles, thus lowering turbidity and improving water quality [6]. The effectiveness of this process is known to be dependent on the nature of the particles, the type and dosage of the coagulant and the pH of the water [7,8].…”
In this study, the use of acorn leaves as a natural coagulant to reduce raw water turbidity and globally improve drinking water quality was investigated. The raw water was collected from a drinking water treatment plant located in Mila (Algeria) with an initial turbidity of 13.0 ± 0.1 NTU. To obtain acorn leaf powder as a coagulant, the acorn leaves were previously cleaned, washed with tap water, dried, ground and then finely sieved. To improve the coagulant activity and, consequently, the turbidity removal efficiency, the fine powder was also preliminarily treated with different solvents, as follows, in order to extract the coagulant agent: (i) distilled water; (ii) solutions of NaCl (0.25; 0.5 and 1 M); (iii) solutions of NaOH (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 M); and (iv) solutions of HCl (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 M). Standard Jar Test assays were conducted to evaluate the performance of the coagulant in the different considered operational conditions. Results of the study indicated that at low turbidity (e.g., 13.0 ± 0.1 NTU), the raw acorn leaf powder and those treated with distilled water (DW) were able to decrease the turbidity to 3.69 ± 0.06 and 1.97 ± 0.03 NTU, respectively. The use of sodium chloride solution (AC-NaCl) at 0.5 M resulted in a high turbidity removal efficiency (91.07%) compared to solutions with different concentrations (0.25 and 1 M). Concerning solutions of sodium hydroxide (AC-NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (AC-HCl), the lowest final turbidities of 1.83 ± 0.13 and 0.92 ± 0.02 NTU were obtained when the concentrations of the solutions were set at 0.05 and 0.1 M, respectively. Finally, in this study, other water quality parameters, such as total alkalinity hardness, pH, electrical conductivity and organic matters content, were measured to assess the coagulant performance on drinking water treatment.
“…This process is aimed at reducing the concentration of suspended solids (SS) and non-settling colloidal particles, thus lowering turbidity and improving water quality [6]. The effectiveness of this process is known to be dependent on the nature of the particles, the type and dosage of the coagulant and the pH of the water [7,8].…”
In this study, the use of acorn leaves as a natural coagulant to reduce raw water turbidity and globally improve drinking water quality was investigated. The raw water was collected from a drinking water treatment plant located in Mila (Algeria) with an initial turbidity of 13.0 ± 0.1 NTU. To obtain acorn leaf powder as a coagulant, the acorn leaves were previously cleaned, washed with tap water, dried, ground and then finely sieved. To improve the coagulant activity and, consequently, the turbidity removal efficiency, the fine powder was also preliminarily treated with different solvents, as follows, in order to extract the coagulant agent: (i) distilled water; (ii) solutions of NaCl (0.25; 0.5 and 1 M); (iii) solutions of NaOH (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 M); and (iv) solutions of HCl (0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 M). Standard Jar Test assays were conducted to evaluate the performance of the coagulant in the different considered operational conditions. Results of the study indicated that at low turbidity (e.g., 13.0 ± 0.1 NTU), the raw acorn leaf powder and those treated with distilled water (DW) were able to decrease the turbidity to 3.69 ± 0.06 and 1.97 ± 0.03 NTU, respectively. The use of sodium chloride solution (AC-NaCl) at 0.5 M resulted in a high turbidity removal efficiency (91.07%) compared to solutions with different concentrations (0.25 and 1 M). Concerning solutions of sodium hydroxide (AC-NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (AC-HCl), the lowest final turbidities of 1.83 ± 0.13 and 0.92 ± 0.02 NTU were obtained when the concentrations of the solutions were set at 0.05 and 0.1 M, respectively. Finally, in this study, other water quality parameters, such as total alkalinity hardness, pH, electrical conductivity and organic matters content, were measured to assess the coagulant performance on drinking water treatment.
“…Additionally, the ability of macroalgae to biotransform the arsenic from inorganic to organic form makes them an attractive option to treat arseniccontaining wastewater, with the former being far more toxic than the latter [16][17][18][19]. Recently, some kinds of green macroalgae have been reported as an effective bioremediation species for wastewater, such as the genus of Oedogonium and Cladophora [8,[20][21][22][23][24][25].…”
Macroalgae bioremediation is a potential way to deal with the escalating problem of arsenic contamination. The results of this study demonstrate that the arsenic content in wastewater treated by Oedogonium intermedium decreases by 32% from 1.13 ± 0.01 to 0.77 ± 0.03 ppb. Then, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction was employed to isolate lipids from O. intermedium. Response surface methodology based on the Box‐Behnken design was carried out to optimize the SC‐CO2 extraction conditions of pressure (200–400 bar), temperature (30–50 °C), and extraction time (30–90 min). The optimal conditions from the model are predicted as 301.95 bar, 41.3 °C, and 30.53 min with 3.24 % lipid yield, 61.30 % PUFA ratio, and 0.106 µg g−1 of arsenic content, respectively.
“…This then allows the reuse or discharge of clean freshwater, an increasingly rare resource [21], as well as a generation of new products from macroalgae such as biostimulants and soil conditioners [22][23][24]. Species of Oedogonium are effective in removing metals from the wastewater of commercial coalfired power stations [25] and nutrients in municipal wastewater treatment plants [26][27][28]. Growing freshwater macroalgae for bioremediation of wastewater will likely produce biomass that is a potential functional food for metabolic syndrome as similar benefits have already been shown for marine macroalgal biomass.…”
Macroalgae produce compounds with industrial, pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. In this study, biomass from the freshwater macroalgal genus Oedogonium was grown in either treated municipal wastewater (M) or ash dam water from a coal-fired power station (D). The biomass was investigated for its metabolic responses in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats, a model of human metabolic syndrome. The Oedogonium biomass cultured in M contained higher amounts of K, Mg, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fibre and b-carotene, while biomass grown in D contained higher amounts of Al, Fe, V, Zn, Mn and As. Biomass from M further increased body weight and inflammation in the heart and colon in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. In contrast, biomass from D prevented changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and liver parameters without changing tissue histology. We suggest that increased intake of metals and metalloids through macroalgal biomass from D may decrease abdominal fat deposition while polysaccharides, PUFA and carotenoids from M may improve blood glucose responses in an obesogenic diet. Thus, macroalgal biomass grown in different wastewater sources could be acceptable for feed or food applications. This biomass could even provide potential health benefits in diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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