Bioremediation and toxicity reduction in pulp and paper mill effluent by newly isolated ligninolytic Paenibacillus sp.

A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent – An alternative to conventional remedial technologies

“…Nearby 30% of the stearyl esters, 25% of the dehydro abietic and 45% of the abietic and iso-pimaric resin acids were degraded during 11 days (Aftab et al, 2011). Apart from the investigation, mixed consortia of aerobic and anaerobic microbes for resin acid degradation, researchers have employed pure cultures of several bacteria which include Bacillus sp., E. coli, Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas, Acaligenes eutrophus, Anthrobacter, Sphinomonas, Zooglea, Commamonas, Mortierella isabella, Chaetomium cochliolidae, Corticum sasaki and Fomesannosus (Tiku et al, 2010;Raj et al, 2014). Wilson et al (1996) isolated two species of Pseudomonas, IpA-1 and IpA-2 which were capable of growing on isopimaric acid as the sole carbon source and an electron donor.…”

“…As a result, the final effluent is a mixture of waste water from each process. Table 1 summarizes the main pollutants, which are normally produced during pulp and paper making process (Raj et al, 2014). In debarking process, the plant fibers are converted into smaller pieces called chips that remove the bark.…”

“…The main problem is the persistent dark brown colour due to lignin and its derivatives (Prasongsuk et al, 2009). The effluent cause huge damage to the receiving water if discharged untreated because it has high biological oxygen demand (385 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (792 mg/l), total dissolved solids (850 mg/l), lignin (436 mg/l), phenol (42 mg/l), sulphur and sulphur compounds (993 mg/l) (Raj et al, 2014). The increasing strict regulations established by many authorities and agencies are forcing the industry to treat effluents to the required permissible level before releasing in to the environment (D'Souza et al, 2006).…”

“…One of the specific problems that yet not been solved is the strong black brown color of the effluent, which is due to lignin and its derivatives, mainly from pulping, bleaching and chemical recovery stages. Due to brown color of the effluent water temperature increases and photosynthesis decreases, both effects may lead to decreased concentra- (Raj et al, 2014 Table 2. Pollutants from various sources of pulp and paper mill (US EPA, 1995).…”

Study of Biological Treatment of Paper-Pulp Effluent

“…Paenibacillus sp. one of the bacteria has been demonstrated for the treatment strategy and found to carry colour, COD/BOD and lignin degradation with 68, 78, 83 and 54 %, respectively at operating conditions of 120 rpm, 34 °C within 144 h [69]. Singh and Thakur [70] has reported two step treatment of effluent followed by microorganisms.…”