Biorefinery with Ionic Liquids

Xie, Haibo; Liu, Wujun; Beadham, Ian; Gathergood, Nicholas

doi:10.1002/9781118449400.ch3

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…However, traditional lignin isolation and analysis procedures (i. e. use of highly reactive chemicals and intense pulverization) pose hindrances to accurate elucidation of structural information of native lignin, thus producing the biggest challenges faced with wood chemistry on developing mild conditions for the isolation of intact lignin from plants. With the greatly enhanced solubility of lignocellulosic composites and lignin itself in ILs respectively, the elucidation of more intact structural information of native lignin can be possible using modern analytic technologies under homogeneous conditions, e. g. multidimensional high resolution solution‐state NMR . Due to the complex nature of such issues, the key factors requisite for sustainable utilization of lignin to value‐added chemicals, fuels and materials are postulated and presented in the following (Figure ):…”

Section: What Is Lignin and What Are The Key Issues For Biorefinery Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities of Ionic Liquids for Lignin Utilization from Biorefinery

et al. 2018

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The development of economically viable biorefineries for the transformation of lignocellulose into sustainable biofuels, chemicals and materials requires effective valorization of lignin. The high solubility of lignocelluloses and lignin in ionic liquids has created new probabilities, which renders the essential significance of understanding the cell structure of biomass, isolation of lignin from biomass (IL-lignin), elucidation of the chemical structure of wood and lignin, and valorization of IL-lignin. In this review, we first give an overview of lignin chemistry, and then describe the current development of structural elucidation of lignin with IL-mediations, extraction fractionation and its catalytic conversion. This review also highlight the relationship between the research challenges, lignin utilization and the properties of ILs, on which a brief conclusion and perspectives are drawn.

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Section: What Is Lignin and What Are The Key Issues For Biorefinery Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After an enzymatic saccharification of the regenerated corn stover, lignin was left with a small amount of carbohydrates. In comparison with the pure IL process, only mild conditions (140 o C, 1 h) was utilized for such an effective extraction ,. Sun et al.…”

Section: Ils For Lignocellulose Dissolution Structural Elucidation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities of Ionic Liquids for Lignin Utilization from Biorefinery

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, LC biomass is a sustainable and green feedstock for the generation of liquid fuels with net zero carbon emission that can eventually replace feedstock derived from petrochemical resources [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The transformation of biomass to useful chemicals is a major challenge for green chemistry [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Biofuel is obtained from renewable natural materials, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber

et al. 2021

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From birch wood, it is possible to obtain both acetic acid and 2-furaldehyde as valuable value-added products. The main objective of this study was to develop a new wasteless technology for obtaining 2-furaldehyde, acetic acid, and lignocellulose (LC) residue usable as feedstock in further processing such as thermomechanical (TMP), alkaline peroxide mechanical (APMP), and sulfate pulping processes. To achieve this objective several screening tests were performed, and a further experimental plan was developed using DesignExpert11. Process yields were analyzed both in terms of total yield and at individual time increments. In addition, the obtained LC residue was also characterized. A unique bench-scale reactor system was used to obtain an LC material without pentoses and with maximum preservation of cellulose fiber for further research. Studies on the deacetylation and dehydration of birch wood hemicelluloses of pentose monosaccharides to 2-furaldehyde and acetic acid using orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst were carried out. Results showed that, depending on the used pre-treatment conditions, the 2-furaldehyde yield was from 0.04% to 10.84% oven dry mass (o.d.m.), the acetic acid yield was from 0.51% to 6.50% o.d.m., and the LC residue yield was from 68.13% to 98.07% o.d.m. with minimal content of admixtures. Process optimization using DesignExpert11 revealed that the main pre-treatment process parameters that influenced the yield of 2-furaldehyde in the pre-treatment process were process temperature (53.3%) and process duration (29.8%).

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“…Both solid-phase acid catalysts and liquid acids have been used for cellulose hydrolysis in ILs. 32 Li [Cl]. A preliminary kinetic study of the experimental data indicated that cellulose hydrolysis proceeded much faster than total reducing sugar degradation.…”

Section: Acid-catalysed Hydrolysis In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 The inherent advantage of acid hydrolysis in ILs is the homogeneity that ILs can potentially provide as a reaction medium for the lignocellulosic biomass and the reagents, in addition to the significant disruption of the macro molecular structure of cellulose through IL dissolution. Both solid-phase acid catalysts and liquid acids have been used for cellulose hydrolysis in ILs.…”

Section: Acid-catalysed Hydrolysis In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Reddy¹

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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HOW TO CITE:Reddy P. A critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. S Afr J Sci. 2015;111(11/12), Art. #2015-0083, 9 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10. 17159/ sajs.2015/20150083 Ionic liquids have been the subject of active research over the course of the last decade and have in the past been touted as one of the most promising technologies for revolutionising the chemical and petrochemical industries. The sheer abundance of potential ionic liquid structures coupled with their tuneable physico-chemical properties has endeared ionic liquids to the scientific community across a broad range of disciplines with potential applications that include pharmaceuticals, electrolytes, thermal energy storage media and liquid mirror telescopes. Within the context of a biorefinery for the production of biofuels and other bio-based products from renewable resources, the unique abilities of some ionic liquids to selectively dissolve biomass components or whole native biomass have been demonstrated. This ability has sparked extensive investigations of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of different biomass types, particularly for the production of cellulosic biofuels. However, the esoteric nature of ionic liquids persists and constructing a fundamental framework for correlating ionic liquid structures with useful applications remains a significant challenge. In addition to the above, the more practical challenges of toxicity, high costs, high viscosities, low solids loading and complex recycling are key factors hindering the wide-scale uptake of ionic liquids as pretreatment solvents in a commercial biorefinery. This critical review provides insights from academic studies and the implications thereof for elevating ionic liquids from the status of 'promising' to 'commercialisable' in the pretreatment of biomass. It is vital that key hurdles for the commercialisation of ionic liquids in the form of high costs, high viscosities, poor water tolerance, toxicity, low solids loading and recovery/recycling be addressed.

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Biorefinery with Ionic Liquids

Cited by 10 publications

References 232 publications

Opportunities of Ionic Liquids for Lignin Utilization from Biorefinery

Opportunities of Ionic Liquids for Lignin Utilization from Biorefinery

Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber

critical review of ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

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