Biorefinery Systems as an Element of Sustainable Development

Abstract

Thanks to that, "the bio-industry," which is the main component of the EU economy referred to as "bio-economy" ("bioeconomy"), will play an important role in stimulating sustainable growth and increasing Europe's competitiveness by reindustrialization and the revitalization of rural areas, providing tens of thousands of jobs in the field of research, development, and production over the next decade [3].The Bioeconomy Program for Europe is going to be an evolutionary program. Expected to develop so-called value chains, the implementation of which will ultimately lead to the creation of so-called biorefinery that a comprehensive and zero-waste will be recycled biomass. The most important technological challenges, political and market, therefore will be prior to commercialization of innovative solutions to full scale. These challenges cannot be overcome by an individual company or dispersed industry, so it is necessary to approach the whole system of management system biomass [4]. This is important because of the need to reverse the current trend of significant bioeconomic investments in non-European regions, where conditions seem to be more attractive. The longterm research and innovation jointly financed by public and private entities can help solve this problem. This process will be implemented through the creation and implementation of appropriate and developed value chains, which will lead to reducing the risk of investment in demonstration projects on the implementation of innovative processes.As part of the preparatory work for the start-up of the scope of the European bio-economy, there was a plan developed for Strategic Innovation and Research Agenda (SIRA). This document proposes a coherent set of actions that should be implemented through established "Biobased Industry Consortium" (BIC), namely:• Implementation of projects aimed toward the integration and implementation of technology and scientific results and the introduction of technology on a commercial scale by implementing demonstration and flagship projects• Implementation of development projects aimed at filling the gaps in research and technological innovation • Supporting projects taking challenges cross-sectors [5]Schematically, the areas covered by value chains are shown in Fig.1.As it can be seen from the schematic products, semi-finished and all residues of the process as a result of the implementation of the objectives set in the value chains should be directed to biorefinery systems, in order to complete the transformation into energy carriers and biochemicals for various purposes.

Introductory Chapter: Prospective Biofuels

“…It seems, therefore, that future synthesis gas can be treated as a universal energy carrier. The confirmation of this thesis may be synthesis gas fermentation processes [13] enabling the production of bioethanol and other C2 to C5 hydrocarbons, i.e., acetic acid, isopropanol, dimethylketone, 2,3-butenediol, butane, isobutane, succinic acid, as well as isoprene structures important in the processes of economy on a closed circuit. In the field of alternative fuel production, with significant co-operation of the author's team, a patented thermolysis technology for plastic waste has been developed, which under atmospheric pressure conditions allows to obtain hydrocarbon fractions that can meet components of both motor gasolines and diesel oils compliant with the quality requirements of European fuel standards as "drop in alternative fuels" [15].…”

“…• Biorefinery systems [13] for the production of liquid fuels and chemical intermediates. These processes are preferred in each of the five "value chains" set started in 2014.…”

Environmental assessment of the exploitation of diesel engines powered by biofuels

“…These products will be both LVHV (low-value and large-volume), such as transport fuels and large-volume chemicals and other materials, and HVLV (high-value and low-volume), such as specialty chemicals, such as cosmetics. In some types of installations, you can also produce food and feed for animals [4].…”

“…It should be remembered that this waste is a waste only for a specific biorefinery process. For another biorefinery process, this waste may be a substrate [4]. The schema of biorefinery concept is presented in Fig.…”

Introductory Chapter: Objectives and Scope of Bioeconomy

“…Biorefinery processes in terms of adherence to the principle of optimal use of resources from the so-called renewable sources have been widely discussed in [12]. In the current state of progress in the field of technology, assessed on the basis of bibliography [12,13], the item [12] also includes thermodynamic aspects of biomass transformation as a natural source, and own works allow to determine the basic and desirable directions of technological use of biomass (waste) according to the initial LCA analysis carried out, as shown in Figure 5.…”