Biorefinery methods for extraction of oil and protein from rubber seed

Abstract

Rubber seeds are a by-product of rubber production and are rich in oil and protein. Upgrading of rubber seeds to produce proteins, oils and feedstock can generate additional revenue for rubber production and reduce waste. The present study investigates the effects of different pre-treatments and extraction methods to determine the optimal methods to produce oil and protein from rubber seed kernels. Mechanical expulsion using a screw press and solvent extraction using n-hexane were employed for oil separation. The highest oil recovery efficiency of 95.12% was obtained using rubber seed meal that was pre-dried at 105 ℃. The sequential water–alkaline treatment was ideal for achieving high protein recovery while reducing the protein denaturation that can result from high operating temperatures and organic solvent contact. Over 90% of the total protein from rubber seed kernels could be recovered. Separating oil from kernels using hexane followed by protein extraction from the meals by enzymatic treatment provides a suitable method for comprehensive utilization of rubber seeds.

Comparative evaluation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of rubber seed oil from different regions of Bangladesh

“…The water content, heating value and sulfated ash content of RSO were presented in Table 2 . According to the National Soybean Processors Association, the water content of crude oil is less than 0.30 % [ 44 ], where the extracted RSO fulfill the requirement. Furthermore, the higher and lower heating values of RSO from different regions varied insignificantly.…”

Optimization of Oil Extraction from Cocoa Bean Shells Using Three Solvents with Solvent Reusability

“…The CBSs (in Figure A) were ground using an electric grinder (model: 800Y; Yongkang Boou Hardware Products Co. Ltd.; China) to prepare the raw material for the oil extraction process. The small particle powder from CBSs was then dried in an oven at 105 °C for 24 h. This process aimed to decrease the moisture content in the raw material throughout all experiments and minimize the possible effect of moisture content on the oil extraction yield using solvents Figure A shows fresh CBSs, with a moisture content of approximately 1 wt %.…”

Hydrocracking Rubber Seeds Oil for Biofuel Production Using Bifunctional Sarulla‐Derived Natural Zeolite–Ni and Ni–Mo/SNZ Catalyst

“…[1] Its utilization offers dual advantages: it does not encroach upon global food supplies and contains an appreciable oil composition of 40-46%, inclusive of 14-26% saturated fatty acids and 72-86% unsaturated fatty acids. [2,3] The conversion methodologies of vegetable oils into biofuels can be bifurcated into transesterification and catalytic hydrocracking. [4][5][6][7][8] The latter garners significant attention due to its capability to yield specific fuel fractions such as diesel, gasoline, and olefins.…”

“…[ 1 ] Its utilization offers dual advantages: it does not encroach upon global food supplies and contains an appreciable oil composition of 40–46%, inclusive of 14–26% saturated fatty acids and 72–86% unsaturated fatty acids. [ 2,3 ]…”