Biorefineries and Chemical Processes

Sadhukhan, Jhuma; Ng, Kok Siew; Martínez-Hernández, Elías

doi:10.1002/9781118698129

Cited by 100 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Equation (2) was used to estimate the capital required for the project based on biomass production at different scales:

normalC = C_{o} {(\frac{M}{{normalM}_{normalo}})}^{n}

where C is the process equipment cost of a plant with a capacity M , C o is the reference cost of a plant with a capacity M o , and n is the scaling factor (smaller than 1). Different scaling factors, cost installations, and other costs were estimated from updated literature …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic analysis was performed considering the process design and estimating the production costs, labor costs, and capital investment, among other considerations. 42,58,59 Equation (2) was used to estimate the capital required for the project based on biomass production at different scales:…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different scaling factors, cost installations, and other costs were estimated from updated literature. 31,40,42,59 Labor requirements were calculated based on the type of process (batch process) and the capacity of the facility. 40 The availability of the raw material was established as 1 28 800 tons per year of dry sawdust.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Revenues and profitability are a function of the plant capacity. The internal rate of return (IRR) is a reliable measure for a first profitability estimation . The uncertain economic variables that will probably have a major impact on the economic performance of the project must be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal rate of return (IRR) is a reliable measure for a first profitability estimation. 31 The uncertain economic variables that will probably have a major impact on the economic performance of the project must be identified. For this purpose, a sensitivity analysis is performed by varying economic variables in order to identify the sensitive factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno‐economic assessment of carboxylic acids, furfural, and pellet production in a pine sawdust biorefinery

Clauser

Gutiérrez

Área

et al. 2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Pine sawdust is an important lignocellulosic waste from the primary industrialization of wood, and its valorization using the biorefinery concept could add new value chains to the forest industry. Compared with large‐scale biorefineries, small‐scale ones involve lower capital and logistics costs, lower risk, and can increase the use of labor in rural areas. A scheme was proposed for the use of the hemicelluloses obtained from the spent liquor of a steam explosion pretreatment of pine sawdust. With the proposed scheme, levulinic acid (LA), formic acid (FA), acetic acid and furfural are obtained from the liquid fraction while pellets are produced from the solid fraction. This pine sawdust biorefinery allows about 747 kg of pellets, 57 kg of LA, 23 kg of FA, 18 kg of acetic acid, and 22 kg of furfural per 1000 kg of dry sawdust to be obtained. The energy used for LA production is one of the main production costs. When 95% of the residual solid is used to generate steam, there is an improvement in the internal rate of return (IRR). The heat integration allows a reduction of 10% in the steam consumption for LA, increasing the capacity for pellet production. The results obtained are therefore essential when seeking alternatives for pine sawdust biorefineries, focusing on the improvement of the production processes, satisfaction of energy requirements, and the reduction of the recovery costs. Three alternatives for the valorization of pine sawdust were analyzed and the best of them obtained an IRR of about 17%. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…Equation (2) was used to estimate the capital required for the project based on biomass production at different scales: