Biorecognition antifouling coatings in complex biological fluids: a review of functionalization aspects

Víšová, Ivana; Houska, Milan; Vaisocherová‐Lísalová, Hana

doi:10.1039/d2an00436d

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Advances in the fields of bioanalysis, biomedicine or food safety call for efficient functional biointerface platforms that are significantly impair initially excellent antifouling properties of pCBs and lead to false results if the platform is used for analytical purposes. [16] It has been supposed that unreacted NHS esters (and O-acylisourea) rapidly hydrolyze in slightly alkaline solutions and all carboxyl groups can be fully recovered. [23,24] This was evidenced even if NHS esters were confined on top of a planar platform such as carboxyl terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) selfassembled monolayers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1–8 ] Besides the resistance to fouling, the platform should be easily functionalized, i.e., conjugated with molecules having specific biological activity, usually a high affinity for specific targets. [ 9–16 ] Applications that require such functionalized antifouling platforms span from rapid detection of chemical and biological species, coatings of nanoparticles used in drug delivery, membranes for separation and cleaning technologies, to scaffolds for tissue engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be taken into consideration that conjugated BRE may also induce charge shifts and thus an effective optimization of the platform surface charge balance is of importance. [ 16 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…It should be taken into consideration that conjugated BRE may also induce charge shifts and thus an effective optimization of the platform surface charge balance is of importance. [16] The overall reaction scheme for the BRE conjugation via EDC/NHS is shown in Figure 1. The carboxyl group of pCB is converted to active NHS ester which readily reacts with amino group of BRE to create stable amide bond.…”

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Tuning of Surface Charge of Functionalized Poly(Carboxybetaine) Brushes Can Significantly Improve Label‐Free Biosensing in Complex Media

Víšová

Houska

Spasovová

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Besides the resistance to fouling, the platform should be easily functionalized, i.e., conjugated with molecules having specific biological activity, usually a high affinity for specific targets. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Applications that require such functionalized antifouling platforms span from rapid detection of chemical and biological species, coatings of nanoparticles used in drug delivery, membranes for separation and cleaning technologies, to scaffolds for tissue engineering.Poly(carboxybetaine) (pCB) brushes are outstanding antifouling platforms allowing facile functionalization with biorecognition elements (BREs) via EDC/NHS (carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. [17][18][19] Their extraordinary properties stem from their high hydrophilicity and overall electroneutrality, which makes them resistant to hydrophobic as well as electrostatic adsorption from contacted media. However, their net electric charge is pH dependent. The positive charge of quaternary ammonium group is permanent but pKa of pCB carboxyl group is somewhere between 2 and 4. [17,20,21] The measurements of zeta potential of the surface bound poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamide) (pCBMAA), [22] indicated that its isoelectric point (pI) is around 8.5 and thus it is positively charged at lower pH values. The net positive charge of functionalized pCB brushes is further enhanced due to the consumption of betaine carboxyl groups following BRE conjugation reaction (Figure 1). It should be taken into consideration that conjugated BRE may also induce charge shifts and thus an effective optimization of the platform surface charge balance is of importance. [16] The overall reaction scheme for the BRE conjugation via EDC/NHS is shown in Figure 1. The carboxyl group of pCB is converted to active NHS ester which readily reacts with amino group of BRE to create stable amide bond. However, not all NHS esters buried inside pCB brushes are able to react with bulky BREs that cannot penetrate below the surface, but can react nonspecifically with other smaller amino compounds present in complex biological media. Therefore, all residual NHS esters must be eliminated (deactivated) as otherwise they could Poly(carboxybetaine) brushes are excellent antifouling platforms allowing facile functionalization with biorecognition elements via carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) chemistry. However, residual active NHS esters and the loss of zwitterionic balance after the conjugation may impair initially excellent antifouling properties. This problem has so far been addressed either by using spontaneous hydrolysis or deactivation of residual NHS esters by the reaction with a small amino compound bearing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. In contrast to this approach, and instead of using a single deactivator, here the use of tailored mixtures of deactivating agents containing carboxyl groups and sulfo or sulfate groups with permanent negative charge that allow to tune surface charge balance is investigated. The approach is applied to poly(carboxybetaine acr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be taken into consideration that conjugated BRE may also induce charge shifts and thus an effective optimization of the platform surface charge balance is of importance. [ 16 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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